B1/cell biology

• What are the 2 types of cells?

  • Prokaryotic cells (bacterial cells)
  • Eukaryotic cells (plant and animal cells)
• Features of prokaryotic cells

  • Genetic material is not contained in a nucleus
  • Size: 1 micrometer to 10 micrometers
• Eukaryotic cells:

  • Complex cells with a nucleus containing genetic material
  • Size: about 10 micrometers to 100 micrometers
• List the features of an animal cell

  • Parts: nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes
• List the features of a plant cell:

  • Parts: nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall (made of cellulose), mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts
• Prokaryotic cells (bacterial cells):

  • Parts: cell wall, cell membrane, circular strand of DNA (no nucleus), plasmids
• What do the ribosomes do?

  Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs.
• What is the function of the cytoplasm?

  A jelly-like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles. It is where many of the chemical reactions happen.
• What is the function of the nucleus

  Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities.
• What is the function of mitochondria

  Organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration
• What is the function of the cell membrane

  Its structure is permeable to some substances but not to others. It therefore controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
• What are the functions of the chloroplasts

  Organelles that contains the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.
• What is the function of the cell wall

  Made from cellulose fibres and strengthens the cell and supports the plant.
• what does the vacuole do

  Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid.
• eukaryotic cells have their genetic material contained in a nucleus
• the genetic material of prokaryotic cells are not contained in a nucleus
• in what type of cell is a flagellum found

  bacteria