physics fundamentals module 1

• when something is static, it's in balance (it's at rest or it moves at a constant velocity)
• force is determined by the ability to change directions, speed, deform an object, or act in one determined direction (symbolised by a vector)
• force = mass x acceleration
• force is measured in newton
• newton = kg x m/s^2
• vector has 2 parts: direction and intensity
• to determine combined forces, you can add the newtons (if objects are going in the same direction)
• to determine combined forces, you can subtract the forces that are working against each other
• to determine combined forces shown as the diagonal of vertical forces, the Pythagorean theorem can be used after the segments are set as a rectangle
• a moment of force is when a force acts to produce a circular motion
• the MOMENT of the force is when something moves around a rotational axis
• T (greek letter tau) = Fa x r
• the moment is known as torque
• a negative rotation is clockwise
• a positive rotation is counter-clockwise
• the effective distance between a couple is the diameter
• the larger the area of attack, the higher risk of being exposed to attacking forces
• stronger forces moving closer to the center of gravity will result in a less-intense force
• stress (Pa) = external force (N) / area of applied force (m*2)
• tension is a force that tends to pull objects apart
• compression is the resistance to an external force trying to push objects together
• compression is measured with pascal
• compression can help deform and mold objects
• bending is a combination of tension and compression
• torsion is a combination of tension and compression
• twisting a rope is an example of torsion
• shear is a stress that tires to slice a body apart
• pressure of liquids doesn't matter on their volume, but on its height
• whenever pressure is applied to a confined liquid, the liquid exerts equal pressure in a right angle to the container
• exerted force of liquid = N / m*2
• pascal's law shows that a very small force can be applied to push down a pistol
• buoyant force is the upwards force that water exerts on an object
• if the density of the object is less than water, it will float
• buoyancy depends on the volume of object in the water, the density, and the acceleration (weight) due to gravity
• buoyancy = volume x density x acceleration
• buoyancy = V x p x g
• volume of water displaced by an object = volume of an object = buoyant forces supporting it
• with buoyant forces, some gravitational weight is canceled out with the force of the water
• standard weight - weight in water = buoyant force
• initial velocity = v0