Learning is a long-lasting or relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience, not the result of an innate or biological change
Associative learning is the connection of two things together that leads to a change in behavior
Classical conditioning is the learning through association
Operant conditioning is learning through rewards and/or punishments for behavior
Conditioning is when behavior becomes more or less likely depending on consequences or context
Classical Conditioning/Pavlovian Conditioning is the association of two different things with one another; usage of dogs and saliva
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) is the natural trigger of a reflexive response without prior learning and conditioning (eg. jumping at sudden loud noises)
Unconditioned response (UCR) is a reflexive action that occurs naturally and automatically in response to a stimulus without any learning and conditioning (eg. smell of food, saliva at food for dogs)
Conditioned response is a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus (eg. social response: saying "your welcome" automatically after someone says "thank you")
Conditioned stimulus (CS) is a previously neutral stimulus that eventually triggers a conditioned response (eg. sound of bell)
Acquisition is when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a conditioned response (eg. Little Albert experiment)
Extinction is the weaking of a conditioned response and is lose in behavior decreasing or disappearing
Spontaneous recovery is the recovery of a CS after a period of non-exposure
Generalization is the transfer of information/responses from one context to another
Discriminate is the ability to perceive and respond to differences among stimuli
Time is critical for conditioning
Forward conditioning is the paring of two stimuli that the CS presented before the UCS is presented
Delayed is when the CS is present until the UCS, creating an overlap
Traced is when the CS stops then UCS starts; process has to be quick (eg. bell stops, food starts)
Simultaneous conditioning is when the CS and UCS is presented at the same time
Backward conditioning is when UCS is presented before the CS
Aversive conditioning is when unwanted behavior and unpleasant stimuli has the intention of reducing the unwanted behavior (eg. Little Albert)
Biology and Classical Conditioning is the ability to condition animals/people with blank slates
Learned taste aversions (Garcia Effect) was the association of nausea and food
Thorndike's law of effect and instrumental learning showed connections between stimulation and response
B.F. Skinner and the Skinner Box associated a lever with food, an example of operant conditioning
Reinforcer is anything that makes behavior more likely to occur
Shaping is the guidance of a subject's behavior to what you want them to do
Two types of reinforcements: Positive and Negative
Positive reinforcement is the addition of something pleasant
An example of positive reinforcement is a dog getting food or treats
Negative reinforcement is the subtraction of something unpleasant
An example of negative reinforcement is when a mom stops nagging after a child has put away their toy
Primary reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities; things itself are rewarding
Examples of a primary reinforcer are food, water, sleep and etc.
Secondary reinforcers need stimulation that requires reinforcement value through association with primary reinforces
Examples of a secondary reinforcer are praise, good grades, etc.
Reinforcement Schedules are instances of behaviorreinforced
Continuous reinforcement is when the wanted behavior occurs is rewarded with a treat
Partial reinforcement is a response that is reinforced only part of the time; is more resistant to extinction