W4

• Sigmund Freud

  • founding father of Psychoanalysis
  • one of the most influential and controversial thinkers of the 20th century
• PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY OF PERSONALITY

  According to Freud, personality develops from the interactions among what he called the three basic structures of the human mind: the id, ego, and superego.
• id is the unconscious mind

  
• ID - ruled by pleasure principle
• EGO - ruled by the reality principle
• SUPEREGO - ruled by the moral principle
• PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT

  According to Freud, children go through a series of psychosexual stages that lead to the development of the adult personality.
• • Erogenous Zone area of the body that is particularly sensitive to stimulation
• • Libido - part of the id and is the driving force of all behavior
• • Fixation - a persistent focus on an earlier psychosexual stage
• Oral stage (0-1 year old)

  Children derive pleasure from oral activities, including sucking and tasting. They like to put things in their mouth.
• Anal stage (2-3 years old)

  Children begin potty training
• Phallic stage (3-6 years old)

  Boys are more attached to their mother, while girls are more attached to their father.
• Latency Stage (6 years old to puberty)

  Children spend more time and interact mostly with same sex peers.
• Genital stage (beyond puberty)

  Individuals are attracted to opposite sex peers.
• Oral stage

  Erogenous Zone: Mouth

  The infant derives pleasure from oral stimulation through gratifying activities such as tasting and sucking.

  Fixation: drinking, eating, smoking, or nail-biting
• Anal stage

  Erogenous Zone: Bowel and Bladder Control

  The libido was on controlling bladder and bowel movements.

  Success at this stage is dependent upon the way in which parents ​approach toilet training.
• ANAL EXPULSIVE PERSONALITY

  • if parents are too lenient
  • the individual has a messy, wasteful, or destructive personality
• ANAL RETENTIVE PERSONALITY

  • If parents are too strict or begin toilet training too early
  • the individual is stringent, orderly, rigid, and obsessive
• Phallic stage

  Erogenous Zone: Genitals

  • The primary focus of the libido is on the genitals. 
  • At this age, children also begin to discover the differences between males and females.​
• OEDIPUS COMPLEX

  • describes these feelings of wanting to possess the mother and the desire to replace the father
• Castration Anxiety 

  • fears that he will be punished by the father for these feelings
• ELECTRA COMPLEX

  • used to describe a similar set of feelings experienced by young girls.
• Penis Envy

  • young girls experience anxiety upon realizing that they lack a penis
• Latency stage

  Erogenous Zone: Sexual feelings are inactive

  Sexual energy is still present, but it is sublimated into other areas such as intellectual pursuits and social interactions.

  Fixation: immaturity and an inability to form fulfilling relationships as an adult
• Genital stage

  Erogenous Zone: Maturing sexual interest

  During the final stage of psychosexual development, the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex.