sci depart 2

• Hawaii - are the calmest of the eruption types, named after the Kilauea volcano, which is famous for producing beautiful fire mountains
• Hawaii - the effusive emission of highly fluid basaltic lava with little gas concentration from a vent or lines of vents ( a fissure ) at the summit or on the flank of a volcano is what defines it. because of the viscosity of the flows, lava can travel hundreds of miles before cooling, solidifying, and forming igneous rocks.
• strombolian - eruptions driven by the bursting of gas bubbles within the magma
• strombolian - when the gas bubbles accumulate, they produce large bubbles called gas slugs which can grow into a size large enough to rise through the lava column. when these gas bubbles reach the surface, they burst with a loud pop mainly because of the difference in air pressure inside and outside volcano
• Hephaestus - vulcan for romans
• Vulcanian -  It is an explosive eruption that occurs when the pressure of entrapped gases in a relatively viscous magna becomes sufficient to blow off the overlying crust of solidified lava.
• The most distinct characteristic of Vulcanian emption is that the material ejected comes from the older rocks in the volcanic edifice and the new magma has not erupted.
• Lava ejected during the acts phase of Sakurajima Volcano in Japan in 2013
• Cave cascading down the ste of Mayor during is Pengen in Aupat 2016
• Pelean - also called nuée ordente eruption
• Pelean - it occurs when a large quantity of gas, dust, ash, and lava fragments are blown out of a volcano's central crater.
• Pelean - The eruptions are separated by decades when no activity is displayed. Weeks before the Pelean eruption, a volcano emits ash followed by a combination of dome formation and lateral blasts. This type also involves viscous magma typically of rhyolitic or andesitic type and exhibits a glowing avalanche of hot pyroclastic flow that could travel at a speed faster than 150 kph. These massive landslides make Pelean eruptions one of the most dangerous volcanic activities in the world.
• Surtseyan - is named after the island of Surtsey off the coast of Iceland
• Surtseyan - it is a kind of hydromagmatic eruption where magma Interacts explosively with shallow groundwater or surface water
• Surtseyan - as water becomes in contact with lava, an explosion follows, producing plumes of ash, steam, and scoria.
• ia. Lava ejected by Surtseyan eruptions is usually basaltic as most oceanic volcanoes are also basaltic
• Submarine the type of volcanic eruption that takes place beneath the surface of the water
• Submarine it is generated at subduction zones and within tectonic plates where hotspots can be located Due to plate tectonics, volcanoes are being carried away from their eruptive source; hence, the eruption rate dies down and water erosion grinds the volcano down.
• Submarine The final stage of eruption is the capping of a seamount in alkalic flows. It is believed that 70-80% of the Earth's magma emission takes place along these hotspots on Earth
• Subglacial Eruption also called glaciovolcanism, which features the interaction between lava and ice often under a glacier.
• Subglacial Eruption This type of eruption occurs in areas of high latitude and high altitude. Since subglacial eruption requires the presence of two factors, namely, glacier and active volcano, this type does not occur in many places since there are not many glaciers around
• Phreatic eruptions, also called steam-blast eruptions, are those driven by explosive expanding steam resulting from cold ground or surface water coming into contact with hot rock or magma.
• They use an instrument called a tilt-meter to measure the expansion of a volcano.
• seismometers are also installed to record the motion of the ground, thermometers to check the temperature of the surrounding area, and gas detectors to measure the amount of volcanic gas.
• department of science and technology - is principally mandated to mitigate disasters brought by geotectonic phenomena such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis within the Philippine territory
• volcanic eruptions are natural phenomena
• level 0: No alert
• Level 1: abnormal Low level unrest. no eruption imminent
• level 2: Increasing unrest moderate unrest. unrest probably of magmatic origin eventually leads to eruption
• level 3: increasing tendency toward eruption. relatively high unrest. hazardous eruption is possible within days
• level 5: hazardous eruption. hazardous eruption ongoing
• magmatic eruptions are; Hawaiian, strombolian, vulcanian, pelean, plinian
• Phreatomagmatic eruptions are ; surtseyan, submarine, subglacial
• 2 types of eruptions in terms of activity; explosive eruptions and effusive eruptions
• Plinian - considered the most explosive and powerful of all eruptions. The strongest types, with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 8, are so-called ultra plinian eruptions as in the case of the eruption at Lake Toba which occurred 74,000 years ago
• Tephra

          - tiny pieces of magma
• Vesicles

         - small gas bubbles in the magma