VANA 102:ARTHROLOGY

• 3 subdivisions of joints:

  • synarthroses
  • ampiarthroses
  • diarthroses
• joints united by fibrous tissue, cartilage or a mixture of 2. Immovable joint

  synarthroses
• 3 types of synarthroses:

  • sutures
  • syndesmosis
  • gomphosis
• where the edges overlap: parieto-temporal joint

  squamos
• where the edges are irregular: frontal joint


  serrated
• where the edges are straight: nasal joint


  harmonious
• applied to the bone in the skull where the adjacent margins of the bones are interlocked


  sutures
• types of sutures:

  • squamos
  • serrated
  • harmonious
• where the uniting medium is elastic tissue, white fibrous tissue or mix 


  syndesmosis
• attaches the costal cartilages to each other: Intercarpal Joint


  Syndesmosis
• found between the tooth and its alveolar sockets?

  gomphosis
• cartilaginous joints which have both synarthrodial and diarthrodial features : Intercentral vertebral joints?

  ampiarthrosis
• permits limited movement such as bending, compression, and stretching?

  cartilaginous
• hayaline cartilage with fibrocartilage or mix?

  ampiarthroses
• types of ampiarthroses:

  • synchondrosis
  • symphysis
• where the uniting medium is cartilage: sphenoid and basilar occipital joint?

  synchondrosis
• cartilage that become ossified; Intersternal joint?

  synostoses
• applied to joints in the median plane. Its uniting medium gen. ossified cartilage and fibrous tissue: symphysis pelvis & mandibular joint?

  symphysis
• true joints, are those which possess these features:

  • joint capsule with synovial membrane and synovial fluid
  • articular cartilage
  • mobility
  • synovial joint cavity
• movable joints are classified into:

  • form of joint surfaces
  • movements that these surfaces allow
• chief classes of diarthrodial joits:

  • ginglymus
  • arthrodia
  • trochoid
  • enarthrosis
• hinge joint that moves only in 1 sagittal plane : Elbow


  ginglymus
• gliding joint that allows sliding 1 bony surface over the other: Intercarpals

  arthrodia
• pivot joint that has rotary movement around 1 axis: atlanto-axial 


  trochoid
• ball and socket joint that moves in all direction: hip and shoulder joint


  enarthrosis or spheroid
• articulations of the axial skeleton:

  1. temporo-mandibular
  2. vertebrae
  3. ribs
  4. costo-chondral
  5. costo-sternal
  6. intersternal
• between ramus of mandibles and squamos temporal bone on either side?

  temporo-mandibular joint
• what type of joint is TMJ?

  diarthrodial
• movements of TMJ:

  • Hinge action
  • Gliding
  • Protrusion
  • Retraction
  • Rotation
• articular surfaces are rendered congruent by an articular disc


  true
• movable vertebrae form 2 separate articulations?

  vertebrae
• types of vertebral joints:

  • intercentral articulations
  • interneural articulations
  • intertransverse articulations
  • atlanto-occipital joint
  • atlanto-axial joint
• vertebral joint between bodies?

  intercentral
• vertebral joint between articular processes?

  interneural
• what type of joint are intercentral articulations?

  ampiarthroses
• what type of joint is interneural articulations are?

  diarthroses
• uniting media of intercentral articulations?

  ligaments and fibrocartilaginous discs
• are diarthrosis and are peculiar to Equidae?

  intertransverse articulations
• where do intertransverse articulations occur?

  bwn transverse processes of 5th and 6th lumbar and bwn latter and the wings of sacrum
• is diarthrodial with ginglymus filament?

  atlanto-occipital joint