VPAR 131: W5 (Order Diptera)

• Dipterans has a single pair of membranous wings
• Dipterans has a metathoracic pair of wings modified to form halteres(balancers)
• O: Diptera

  Mouth parts adapted for sucking, they form a proboscis, the labium at the distal end has a pair of fleshy lobes(labella)
• In Order Diptera

  Metamorphosis is complete, larvae being apodous and often a reduced head
• In Order Diptera

  Pupa maybe coarctate and enclosed in skin (puparium) of last larval stage or obtectate
• Suborders of Order Diptera (NBC)

  • Nematocera
  • Brachycera
  • Cyclorrhapha
• O: Diptera; SO: Nematocera

  Antennae of adults longer than head and thorax
• O: Diptera; SO: Nematocera

  Abdomen more than 8 segments w/ the exception of 2 segments next to the head (larvae)
• Dipterans belonging to Suborder Nematocera have no arista
• SO: Nematocera

  larvae and pupae are aquatic
• SO: Nematocera

  Larvae have a well- developed head and mandibles that bite horizontally
• Suborder Nematocera contains families of veterinary and medical importance:

  1. Ceratopogonidae (biting midges)
  2. Simuliidae (black-flies)
  3. Psychodidae (sandflies)
  4. Culicidae (mosquitoes)
• In Suborder Brachycera, antennae are shorter than the thorax (less than 6 segments, 3 only being present, last segment being annulated)
• In Suborder Brachycera, arista may present but in terminal of antennae
• In Suborder Brachycera, the maxillary palp are held stiffly forward (Porrect)
• In Suborder Brachycera, the abdomen has 7 visible segments
• In Suborder Brachycera, - larvae have an incomplete and usually retractile head and mandibles bite vertically
• In Suborder Brachycera, the pupa is obtectate [form of pupa]
• In Suborder Cyclorrapha, the antennae have 3 segments and present of arista that usually on dorsal side
• In suborder Cyclorrhapha, the abdomen has fewer than 7 visible segmen
• In Suborder Cyclorrhapha, the pupa is coarctate [form of pupa]
• In Suborder Cyclorrhapha, the head has a horseshoe shaped ridge called the ptilinal suture/frontal suture
• In Suborder Cyclorrhapha, it is divided into 3 series:

  1. Aschiza
  2. Schizophora
  3. Pupipara
• In suborder nematocera, Family Culicidae comprises the mosquitoes
• SO: Nematocera

  In Family Culicidae, antennae are 14-15 segments, in male are conspicuous and plumose
• SO: Nematocera

  In Family Culicidae, eggs are deposited in masses or 'egg-rafts' (Culex) or singly (Anopheles and Aedes)
• F: Culicidae

  In female, the pulp is longer and they produce sound
• F: Culicidae

  In male, the proboscis and pulp is almost the same length
• F: Culicidae

  Male feed only on nectars
• F: Culicidae

  Female feed on blood of vertebrates
• Life Cycle of Family Culicidae:

  Eggs are laid on water or floating vegetable matter and each has special requirement
• All mosquito larvae except anopheles are provided with siphon w/c arises from 8-9 th dorsal abdominal segments
• Life Cycle of Family Culicidae

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• Life Cycle of Familiy Culicidae

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• Life Cycle between Anopheline and Culicine

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• In Subfamily Culicinae, the females of Genus Culex have rounded tips on their abdomens. Most are bird feeders
• Culex tarsalis- a robust, handsome mosquito
• Culex tarsalis is nearly black with a white band on the lower half of each leg joint and a prominent white band in the middle of its proboscis
• Culex pipiens - the house mosquito
• Culex pipiens - plain, brown insect that breeds freely around human habitation, laying egg rafts in tin cans, tires, cisterns, clogged rain gutters, and any other receptacle of water