multi store model

• What does the Multi-store model of memory explain?

  How information enters the brain and is stored
• Who developed the Multi-store model of memory?

  Atkinson & Shiffrin
• What are the key processes for remembering information according to the Multi-store model?

  • Pay attention to the information
  • Rehearse the information
  • Retrieve the information when needed
• What is the sensory register in memory?

  A store for environmental stimuli
• What types of memory are included in the sensory register?

  Iconic and echoic memory
• What does iconic memory store?

  Visual information coded visually
• What does echoic memory store?

  Sound or auditory information
• What happens to most information in the sensory register?

  It does not pass on further
• What is the capacity of short-term memory (STM)?

  Magic number 7 (7 +/- 2)
• How is information in STM coded?

  Acoustically
• How long does information last in STM without rehearsal?

  About 30 seconds
• What is maintenance rehearsal?

  Repeating material to keep it in STM
• What is the capacity of long-term memory (LTM)?

  Unlimited
• What type of coding is used in LTM?

  Semantic coding
• What must happen for LTM to be recalled?

  It must transfer back to STM
• What does the MSM state about memory retrieval?

  All memories transfer back from LTM
• What happened to KF in the case study by Shallice and Warrington?

  He had damaged STM but intact LTM
• What does KF's case demonstrate about memory stores?

  STM and LTM are separate and independent
• What caused HM's brain damage?

  An operation to remove his hippocampus
• What could HM not do after his operation?

  Form new long-term memories
• What does HM's case support about the hippocampus?

  It plays a role in LTM formation
• What happened to Clive Wearing after his brain damage?

  He could not make new memories
• How long could Clive Wearing remember information?

  About 20 seconds
• How does the MSM apply to Clive Wearing's case?

  It suggests he cannot rehearse into LTM
• What supporting evidence exists for the MSM?

  • Research studies show STM and LTM are different
  • Baddeley’s study on coding supports separate stores
  • STM is coded acoustically; LTM is coded semantically
• What limitation does the MSM have regarding types of STM?

  It states STM is a unitary store
• What evidence contradicts the unitary store concept of STM?

  KF's different recall for auditory and visual
• What are the two types of rehearsal according to Craik and Watkins?

  • Maintenance rehearsal: keeps info in STM
  • Elaborative rehearsal: links info to existing knowledge
• What limitation does the MSM have regarding rehearsal?

  It cannot explain elaborative rehearsal
• What is the main focus of the Multi-store model of memory?

  How information is processed and stored
• What are the strengths of the Multi-store model of memory?

  • Provides a clear framework for understanding memory
  • Supported by empirical research
  • Distinguishes between different memory stores
• What are the weaknesses of the Multi-store model of memory?

  • Oversimplifies memory processes
  • Does not account for different types of STM
  • Fails to explain elaborative rehearsal