booklet 6

• urban form


  the physical charcateristics of built hp areas including shape size and density and makeup or configuration of settlements
• Urban Morphology


  the spatial structure and organisation of urban areas
• factors relevant to settling of towns

  physical - source of water

  - flat land

  - fertile soil

  - trees for building and fuel

  - a dry site
• factors relevant to settling of towns - human

  Human - roads

  - defence

  - government policy

  - close to each other so trade can occur
• Are these factors still revant today

  Some of them are like flat land, having roads, government policy but most aren't- we can get water wherever we are, food gets imported, trade happens globally
• Land values


  how much money a certain amount of land cost in this specific area
• Peak Land Value Intersection (PLVI)

  The point where land costs the most. Is often in the Central Business District (CBD).
• Central Business District (CBD)

  The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered. Found in old village core
• Inner city


  the older and more populated and (usually) poorer central section of a city. Comprised of factories and businesses
• residential area


  a district where people live; occupied primarily by private residences. Increase in size and price as you move out, council estates found on edge of city
• Green areas


  Such as parks - tend to be dotted throughout an urban area - outer suburbs. They range from large botanical gardens of national importance down to playgrounds within a housing estate.
• Out of town retail developments

  Originally developed by large supermarkets, these spaces soon expanded to include non-food retail units and entertainment complexes.
• Industry


  Located on edge of city due to it being cheaper and requiring lots of land, some businesses chose to locate in the inner city for more popularity
• Business or science parks

  Edge of urban areas - good access to major roads so it's easy to commute. Located near outer suburbs
• Informal settlements


  Located on the edge of the city, lots of physical factors like slopes mean it's hard to build there, they are prone to natural hazards
• Bid rent theory


  The location of urban land is determined by the willingness to pay high prices for central locations and reliance on accessibility
• Factors changing urban form

  - Population - migration

  - Environment - physical infrastructure

  - Economy - located in centre of population

  - Technology - teleworking, high speed internet

  - Policies - govt policies effect housing planning transport
• Mumbai - urban form

  Size - 30km long and 10 km wide

  Shape - Narrow Peninsula

  Density - 27000 ppl per km and 9x more sense than LA
• Mumbai - Urban form

  Environmental - Mumbai shape dominated by physical factors, built on and island, creeks and swamp to the eat, Ocean to the west

  Economic - The CBD located on the southern tip and as you go north old industry is more common, old port. Financial capital of India
• Mumbai - Urban form

  Social - Wealthier people live in the suburbs located to the North and west due to indian ocean. Lot of slum housing, not enough to sustain

  Technology - Railway connects north to south

  Policy - no govt policy has huge impact on slums
• LA - urban form

  Size - 120 km long and 80km wide

  Shape - Long shape due to the pacific ocean and Saint Gabriel Moutan's being physical barriers preventing it from growing outward

  Density - 3275

  ppl per km
• LA - Urban form

  • Economic - CBD is located north of the district Watts, and is home to many headquarters and TNCs that offer few employment opportunities for people. Watts in the old industrial area
  • Environmental - Lots of urban areas within LA so not a lot of green space areas. 88 cities has meant people don't have to travel to the CBD
  • Social - Lots of the residential areas made of low density housing, Wealthier areas eg HollyWood situated right on the coast and has high value housing Watts is the poorest district has low value housing
• LA - Urban form

  Technological -improvements in infrastructure and roads has meant it's easy to get round and increased car ownership lead to better connection. more people work from home die to developments of internet

  Policies - Urban policies have restricted planning and made it hard to built in certain areas
• London - Urban form

  Size - 40km long and wide

  Shape - circular shape, city expanded outwards due to there being no barriers. Green belt and M25 influence its shape

  Density - 4542 ppl/km
• London Urban form


  Environmental- Thames River and green belt have influenced the shape of London

  Govt Policy - Green belt really dictates size and shape of city - not allowed to build k. green belt

  Technologies- Railwsy and Tube created suburbs and allowed urban sprawl. Easy to get around the city
• London - Urban Form

  Social - rich and wealthier move to the suburbs it can afford the expensive inner city housing. Council housing on edge of city

  Economic - the economy is based on finance and services like entertainment as well as some industry around the Thames