Industrial

• Describe how Edward Jenner proved the link between smallpox & cowpox?


  He injected a small boy with pus from the sores of a cowpox victim. Jenner then infected him with smallpox and the boy didn't catch the disease.
• List 3 reactions by Parliament to Jenner's discovery of the smallpox vaccine?

  Gave him funding to open a vaccination clinic, funding for research, vaccinations were free.
• When did Louis Pasteur publish the Germ Theory?

  1861
• Explain how Florence Nightingale changed nursing?

  She wrote a book - "Notes on Nursing" - which emphasised the need for hygiene and professional attitudes, she also modernised nursing and respected by society.
• When was chloroform discovered?

  1831
• Why did chloroform lead to higher death rate initially?

  Doctors didn't know the right dosages for different people - overdosing.
• What is the difference between antisepsis and asepsis?

  Antiseptic methods are used to kill germs that get near surgical wounds

  Aseptic methods aim to stop any germs getting near the wound.
• Describe John Snow's 1854 investigation and explain what he showed?

  He discovered cholera.

  Snow showed that the water ran through a cesspit and the waste ran into the water.
• Give 3 things that the 1875 Public Health Act forced local councils to do?

  Appoint health and sanitary inspectors

  Maintain sewage systems to prevent further cholera outbreaks

  Keep the town's streets clean