Cards (27)

  • Coarse particles (PM10) have diameters between 1 x 10^-5 m and 2.5 x 10^-6 m and are often referred to as dust
  • Conductor: a material containing charged particles free to move to carry electrical or thermal energy
  • Covalent bond: a shared pair of electrons between two non-metals
  • Diamond: a giant covalent structure made up of carbon atoms, each forming four covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms
  • Electrostatic forces: the strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
  • Empirical formula: the smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
  • Fine particles (PM2.5) have diameters between 100 and 2500 nm and are often referred to as fine dust
  • Fullerenes are molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes, based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms but may also contain rings with five or seven carbon atoms
  • Gas: the state of matter where particles have the most energy, are relatively spread out, and move randomly in all directions
  • Graphene: a single layer of graphite with properties useful in electronics and composites
  • Graphite: a giant covalent structure made up of carbon atoms, each forming three covalent bonds with three other carbon atoms, forming layers of hexagonal rings with no covalent bonds between the layers
  • Ion: an atom or molecule with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons
  • Ionic bond: formed when a metal atom loses electron(s) to form a positively charged ion and a non-metal gains these electron(s) to form a negatively charged ion
  • Ionic compound: a chemical compound formed of ions, held together by strong electrostatic forces
  • Intermolecular forces: forces between molecules impacting physical properties like boiling/melting point
  • Lattice: a repeating regular arrangement of atoms/ions/molecules, occurring in crystal structures
  • Liquid: the state of matter where particles are arranged randomly and close together, able to move past each other
  • Metallic bond: bonds present in metals between positive metal ions and negatively charged electrons
  • Metals: elements reacting to form positive ions, found to the left and towards the bottom of the periodic table
  • Molecular formula: the actual ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
  • Nanoparticles: have diameters between 1 nm to 100 nm and can exhibit properties different from the same material in bulk
  • Nanoscience: refers to structures that are 1–100 nm in size, of the order of a few hundred atoms
  • Particle theory: models the three states of matter by representing particles as small solid spheres, explaining melting, boiling, freezing, and condensing
  • Polymers: large long-chain molecules made up of small monomers joined by covalent bonds
  • Repeat unit: the part of a polymer whose repetition would produce the complete polymer chain
  • Solid: the state of matter where particles hold a regular arrangement and have the least amount of energy
  • State symbols: symbols in chemical equations denoting the states of the chemicals reacting: (s) - solid, (l) - liquid, (g) - gas, (aq) - aqueous solution