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• Human Anatomy and Physiology is the study of the structure and function of the human body, providing the basis for understanding disease
• Anatomy involves the structure of the body, dissecting the parts for study, and examining the relationship between a body part's structure and function
• Two basic approaches to the study of Anatomy are Systemic Anatomy (by systems) and Regional Anatomy (by areas)
• Anatomists examine internal structures through Surface Anatomy (external features) and Anatomical Imaging (X-rays, ultrasound, MRI)
• Human Physiology studies the processes and functions of the body, aiming to understand responses to stimuli and how the body maintains conditions within a narrow range of values
• The human body can be studied in six structural levels: chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism
• The six characteristics of life include organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, and reproduction
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment within the body despite external or internal fluctuations, crucial for normal body functioning and sustaining life
• Attachment is a strong reciprocal emotional bond between an infant and a primary caregiver

  
• Anatomical position refers to a person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward
• Directional terms:

  • Anterior (ventral) refers to the forward or front part of the body or organ
  • Posterior (dorsal) refers to the back part of a body or organ
  • Superior refers to nearer the head or situated above
  • Inferior refers to nearer the feet or situated below
  • Medial refers to parts toward the middle of the body
  • Lateral refers to parts away from the middle of the body
  • Proximal refers to parts nearer the point of attachment
  • Distal refers to parts farthest from the point of attachment
  • Superficial refers to parts near the skin or surface
  • Deep refers to parts far from the surface
• The abdomen is divided into nine regions by two horizontal and two vertical lines: right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac regions
• Body cavities:

  • Thoracic cavity: surrounded by the rib cage, separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm
  • Abdominal cavity: bounded primarily by the abdominal muscles, contains stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys
  • Pelvic cavity: enclosed by the bones of the pelvis, contains urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, and internal reproductive organs
• Human Anatomy and Physiology -is the study of the structure and function of the human body. It also provides the basis for understanding disease.
• The Human Body - has many intricate parts with coordinated functions maintained by a complex system of checks and balances.
• The coordinated function of all the parts of the human body allows us to detect changes or stimuli, respond to stimuli, and perform many other actions.
• Anatomy it is the Structure of the body.
• Anatomy is the Scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body.
• Anatomy Means to dissect, or cut apart and separate, the parts of the body for study.
• Old French- anatomie Late French- anatomia
• Two basic approaches to the study of Anatomy: Systemic Anatomy and Regional Anatomy
• Systemic Anatomy the study of the body by systems, such as the cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems.
• Regional Anatomy the study of the organization of the body by areas
• Anatomists have two general ways to examine the internal structures of a living person: Surface Anatomy and Anatomical Imaging
• Surface Anatomy the study of external features
• Surface Anatomy uses superficial structures to locate deeper structures.
• Anatomical Imaging involves the use of X-rays, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures.
• Subdivision of Human Anatomy: Gross Macroscopic Anatomy, Microscopic Anatomy, Developmental Anatomy, and Pathological Anatomy
• Gross Macroscopic Anatomy it is the study of structures observed with the naked eye, without using any instrument or gadget to aid in our observation
• Microscopic Anatomy the study of structures observed with the aid of a microscope or other similar devices and/or equipment that aid in magnifying very small things, which the naked eye may not see; small structures.
• Cytology- is the study of cells and the different cellular organelles inside a single cell.
• Histology is the study of tissues that make up the different organs of the human body.
• Developmental Anatomy it is the study of the structural changes from conception in the mother’s womb to birth.
• Embryology the study of developmental changes of the body before birth.
• Pathological Anatomy it is the study of structural changes caused by diseases and other illness states.
• Physiology the study of nature.
• Physiology the study of the processes and function of the structures and/or body.
• physiology Latin- physiologia Greek- phusiologia
• The major goals of Physiology (1) to understand and predict the body's responses to stimuli and (2) to understand how the body maintains conditions within a narrow range of values in the presence of continually changing internal and external environments.
• Human Physiology - is the study of a specific organism, the human.