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• Grey-Turner sign is purple discoloration in the abdomen
• Dark bluish-pink striae are associated with Cushing syndrome
• Ascites presents as abdominal swelling
• Spider angiomas are characterized by dilated arterioles and capillaries in the abdomen
• Striae in the abdomen can be caused by ascites
• Cullen's sign is bluish/purple discoloration around the umbilical area
• An everted umbilicus is seen with abdominal distention
• A scaphoid abdomen indicates a sunken appearance due to weight loss
• Abdominal distention can be associated with different sounds:

  • Feces cause dullness (due to hard stool)
  • Flatus causes tympany (due to gas)
  • Fat causes tympany (common in obesity)
  • Fibroids and other masses present with dullness and tympany
• Ascitic fluid in the abdomen may cause dullness, while tympany may be present over the intestine (indicating fluid in the abdomen)
• An umbilical hernia indicates weakness in the umbilical ring
• Diastasis Recti refers to the separation between two abdominal muscles
• Heart


  The muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body
• Arteries


  Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
• Bony Prominences


  Projections or protrusions on the surface of the body
• Scars and Adhesions


  Results of healing processes, such as surgical scars or adhesions between tissues
• Anterior and Posterior Markings


  External signs that indicate the location of underlying bodily structures
• Sulci


  Grooves or furrows on the surface of the body, such as the furrowed brow or the groove of the nose
• Folds


  Cresses or wrinkles on the surface of the body, such as skin folds or facial wrinkles
• Peculiarities


  Unique or remarkable features on the surface of the body, such as moles, tattoos, or scars
• Convex and Concave Surfaces


  The shape and curvature of the body's surface, affecting the layout of underlying structures
• Lines of Cleavage


  Imaginary lines that divide the body into sections based on the attachments of muscles, skin, and other tissues
• Transverse Plane


  An imaginary line that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) sections
• Frontal Plane


  An imaginary line that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections
• Sagittal Plane


  An imaginary line that divides the body into left and right halves
• Body Orientation


  The way our body parts are aligned and related to each other
• Kidney


  A bean-shaped organ that filters waste and excess fluids from the blood
• Glomerulus


  A cluster of tiny blood vessels in the kidneys that filter waste and excess fluids from the blood
• Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion


  The process by which the kidneys reabsorb needed substances and eliminate waste through the kidneys
• Cardiac Arrhythmias


  Abnormal heart rhythms or beats
• Ischaemia


  Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, often due to blockages in the coronary arteries
• Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)


  A long-term condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's demands
• Angioplasty


  The use of a balloon to widen narrowed or blocked coronary arteries
• Stenting


  The placement of a small mesh tube (stent) to keep the coronary arteries open
• Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)


  A sudden blockage of the coronary arteries, often causing a heart attack
• Echocardiography


  The use of sound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function
• Ovum


  The female gamete (egg) released from the ovaries during ovulation
• Sperm


  The male gamete (sperm cells) produced by the testes during spermatogenesis
• Menstruation


  The regular shedding of the uterine lining in response to hormonal changes
• Ovulation


  The release of the ovum from the ovaries, usually occurring mid-cycle, allowing for fertilization to occur