Citizenship

• FPTP(firts past the post) s&w


  strengths

  -simple to understand and cost effecive

  -results calculated and announced quickly after voting closure

  -tends to result in a single party government

  
  

  weaknesses

  -encourages tactical voting if voters preffered candidate is unlikely to win(do not vote for preferred candidate but vote againt the candidate they dislike)

  -only winning votes count, candidates may be elected on little public support
• PR(Propotional Representaion) s&w


  strengths

  -fewer wasted votes

  -offers more choices to voters

  -fairer to minority candidates

  
  

  weaknesses

  -high chance of coalition governments

  -allows extremist parties in political mainstream
• Green Paper

  discussion stage- proposed law from house of comons or lords discussed w experts, interested groups and senior civil servants to inform/shape proposal
• White paper


  bill that will be presented to the houses, prepared after green paper consultation
• Parliamentary ping pong


  bill is passed back and forth between houses until both House of commons and lords agree