PMLS2: Lesson 3

• This is responsible for transporting throughout the body oxygenated blood from the heart and lungs via the arteries.Then the oxygen-depleted blood is returned to its origin through the veins.

  Circulatory System
• Two main components of circulatory system?

  Cardiovascular System

  Lymphatic System
• Cardiovascular system composed of the?

  heart,blood vessels, and blood
• Lymphatic system composed of?

  lymph,lymph nodes, and vessels
• It is a hollow muscular organ that has 4 chambers and surrounded by a thin,fluid-filled sac called pericardium.


  Heart
• A heart is about the same size as that of person's_______.

  clenched fist
• What are the 3 layers of the heart?

  Epicardium

  Myocardium

  Endocardium
• A thin, watery membrane on the outer layer of the heart.

  Epicardium
• Function: It covers the heart and is attached to the pericardium.

  Epicardium
• A thick layer and is attached to the pericardium.

  Myocardium
• Function: It pumps blood into the arteries by contracting.


  Myocardium
• A thin layer of epithelial cells in the inner layer of the heart.

  Endocardium
• Function: lines the valves and interior chambers

  Endocardium
• 4 Chambers of the Heart

  Right Atrium

  Right Ventricle

  Left Atrium

  Left Ventricle
• Function: it receives deoxygenated blood from the body

  Right Atrium
• Function: receives the blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery

  Right Ventricle
• Function: receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps into the left ventricle

  Left Atrium
• Function: receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta

  Left Ventricle
• tricuspid valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

  Right AV valve
• Function: closes as the right ventricle contracts preventing blood from flowing back to the right atrium

  Right AV valve
• bicuspid or mitral valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle

  Left AV valve
• Function: closes as the left ventricle contracts preventing blood from flowing back to the left atrium

  Left AV valve
• pulmonary or pulmonic valve located at the entrance of the pulmonary artery

  Right Semilunar Valve
• Function: closes when the right ventricle relaxes preventing blood from flowing back to the right ventricle

  Right Semilunar Valve
• aortic valve located at the entrance of the aorta

  Left Semilunar Valve
• Function: closes when the left ventricle relaxes preventing blood from flowing back to the left ventricle

  Left Semilunar Valve
• Partition that separates the right from the left atria

  Interatrial septum
• separates the right and the left ventricles

  Interventicular septum
• The heart receives blood supply through the left and right coronary arteries, and the coronary veins return the oxygen-depleted blood from the heart muscle back to the heart.

  Coronary Circulation
• It supplies the blood as well as provides drainage to the tissues.

  Coronary Circulation
• Poor circulation could lead to ____ which is caused by inadequate supply of oxygen and myocardial infarction or heart attack which may be due to complete obstruction of the coronary artery.

  ischemia
• Systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) which lasts about 0.8 seconds

  Cardiac cycle
• Sends electric impulses throughout the myocardium which is initiated by the sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker)

  Electrical Conduction System
• Provides the graphical representation of the cardiac cycle's activity

  Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• "Lubb" which is the first sound as the ventricles contract or the AV valves close and "dupp" or the second sound which is heard when the semilunar valves close and the ventricles relax


  Origin of Heart Sounds
• The average heart rate is 72 BPM and the cardiac output refers to the volume of blood pumped per minute 


  Heart rate and cardiac output
• A rhythmic throbbing resulting from the alternating expansion and contraction of the artery

  Pulse
• The force exerted by the blood on the walls of the vessel measured by the sphygmomanometer

  Blood Pressure
• chest pain resulting from reduced blood flow to the heart

  Angina pectoris
• a murmuring sound produced when the aortic leaflets fail to fully open during sytole

  Aortic stenosis