TB2 flashcards

Created by

Kadie

Cards (51)

Name the types of organisms at the third tropic level in an ecosystem
Carnivores that eat herbivores are called secondary producers
State 4 advantages of asexual reproduction
Only one parent is needed
More time and energy efficient as do not need to find a mate
Faster than asexual reproduction
Many identical offspring can be produced when conditions are favourable
State 3 uses of gibberellins
End seed dormancy
Promote flowering
Increase fruit size
Name 4 methods of cloning
Tissue culture
cuttings
Embryo transplants
Adult cell cloning
State the effect of lose or gain of too much water by cells
They do not function efficiently
Name the types of organisms at the first trophic level in an ecosystem
Plants and algae that make their own food - producers
Name the fungus used to produce mycoprotein
Fusarium
List 6 factors that can affect food security
Birth Rate, changing diets, new pests and pathogens, environmental changes, cost of agricultural inputs, conflicts affecting availability of water and food
State 3 advantages of sexual reproduction
Produces variation in offspring
If the environment changes variation gives a survival advantage by natural selection
Natural selection can be sped up by humans in selective breeding to increase food production
Give the medical term for short sightedness
Myopia
State two ways fish stocks may be kept sustainable
Control of net size and fishing quotas
What book did Darwin publish his ideas in ?
On the Origin of Species
State 3 reasons why Darwin’s ideas were only gradually accepted
Theory challenged idea that God made all animals and plants that live on earth
There was insufficient evidence at the time the theory was published to convince many scientists
The mechanism of inheritance and variation was not know until 50 years after the theory was published
State the conditions needed to grow fusarium
Glucose syrup and aerobic conditions
Why was the work of gregor Mendel not recognised until after his death
There was no knowledge on chromosomes or genes
How does mutation in DNA affect a protein?
Mutations code for an altered protein with a different shape. An enzyme may no longer fit the substrate binding site or a structural protein may lose its strength.
State 3 factors that affect the rate of decay
Temperature, water, and availability of oxygen
Name 3 environmental factors that affect the distribution of species
Temperature, availability of water and composition of atmospheric gases
State the position and function of the cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of your brain's surface, located on top of the cerebrum. The cerebral cortex carries out essential functions of your brain, like memory, thinking, learning, reasoning, problem-solving, emotions, consciousness, and sensory functions.
State the position and function of the cerebellum
The cerebellum (which is Latin for “little brain”) is a major structure of the hindbrain that is located near the brainstem. The cerebellum is most directly involved in coordinating voluntary movements. It is also responsible for a number of functions including motor skills such as balance, coordination, and posture.
State the position and function of the medulla
Your medulla oblongata is the bottom-most part of your brain. Its location means it's where your brain and spinal cord connect, making it a key conduit for nerve signals to and from your body. It also helps control vital processes like your heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure.
Define food security
Having enough food to feed a population
List the ways in which the efficiency of food production can be improved
Restricting the energy transfer from animals to the environment(limit movement and control temperature). Feed animals a high protein diet.
State the role of ethene in plant control and coordination
Controls cell division And ripening of fruits
Describe embryo transplants as a method of cloning
Splitting apart cells from a developing animal embryo before they become specialised, then transplanting the identical embryos into host mother
Give the reasons that make investigating brain disorders difficult
The brain is complex and delicate
Name the types of organisms at the fourth trophic level in an ecosystem
Carnivores that eat other carnivores are called tertiary consumers. Apex predators are carnivores with no predators
Alfred Russel Wallace‘s work contributed to which theory?
Speciation
Describe the body response to low temperature
Blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction), sweating stops and skeletal muscles contract (shiver)
State 4 methods of correcting vision
Spectacle lenses, hard or soft contact lenses, laser surgery to change shape of the cornea, replacement lens in the eye.
Name the useful product form anaerobic decay
Methane (biogas) which can be used as a fuel
Describe the body response to high temperature
Vasodilation and sweat is produced to transfer energy from the skin to the environment
Give 3 reasons why biomass is lost between tropic levels
Not all food is absorbed, some is lost as faeces. Some absorbed material is lost as waste such as carbon dioxide and water. Large amounts of glucose is used in respiration.
Sequence the process of natural selection
Variation within a population caused by mutation, best adapted to the environment survive long enough to reproduce, genes are past on google the next generation.
Describe how ADH affects the action of the kidney
ADH is released by the pituitary gland when the blood is too concentrated and it causes more water to be reabsorbed back into the blood from the kidney tubules. This is controlled by the negative feedback.
Describe how excess protein is removed from the body
The digestion of proteins from the diet results in excess amino acids which need to be excreted safely. In the liver these amino acids and deaminated to form ammonia. Ammonia is toxic and so it is immediately converted to urea for safe excretion
What proportion of biomass is passed on from each tropic level to the level above?
Approximatley 10%
Define “accomodation“ with reference to the human eye
The process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects
Describe the process of adult cell cloning
The nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell
the nucleus from the adult body cell such as a skin cell is inserted into the egg cell
an electric shock stimulates the egg cell to divide to form an embryo
these embryo cells contain the same genetic information as the adult skin cell
when the embryo has developed into a ball of cells it is inserted into the womb of an adult female to continue its development
Name the bases found in DNA and describe how they combine
A-T G-C