english sailors

• Who were John Hawkins and Francis Drake?

  English sailors involved in exploration and trade
• What was John Hawkins known for?

  He was England's first slave trader
• In what year did Hawkins sail from Plymouth to kidnap West Africans?

  1562
• How many West Africans did Hawkins kidnap between 1562 and 1567?

  Between 1200 and 1400 Africans
• What was the Triangular Trade?

  A trade route involving Europe, Africa, and the Americas
• What did Hawkins' coat of arms symbolize?

  His shame over his part in the slave trade
• What was Francis Drake's role during Elizabethan times?

  Sea captain, privateer, navigator, and politician
• What significant achievement did Drake accomplish from 1577 to 1580?

  He completed the second circumnavigation of the world
• How did Drake's circumnavigation affect English piracy?

  It began an era of piracy on the Americas' coast
• What was one of Drake's motivations for circumnavigating the globe?

  To find the Northwest Passage
• What was the outcome of Drake's expedition in terms of treasure?

  He returned with treasure valued at £400,000
• How did Drake's actions impact England's reputation?

  It increased England's reputation as a seafaring nation
• What was one benefit of Drake's circumnavigation for the English economy?

  It funded the queen's government and national debt
• What was the purpose of the search for the Northwest Passage?

  To find a trade route to Asia
• What was the triangular trade route's first stage?

  Trading English goods for enslaved people in Africa
• What was the significance of the Levant Company formed in 1581?

  It facilitated trade with the Ottoman Empire
• What was the East India Company founded for?

  To trade directly with India
• How did trade benefit the English economy?

  It brought vast wealth and created new jobs
• How did Raleigh's actions influence future colonization efforts?

  They led to the use of Joint Stock Companies
• What was the fate of the Roanoke colony established by Raleigh?


  It was abandoned and remains a mystery
• What was Raleigh's relationship with Queen Elizabeth I?

  He was a favourite but later fell out of favour
• What was one reason Raleigh encouraged exploration of the New World?

  To attract investors for expeditions
• What were the main motivations for exploration during Elizabethan times?

  • Expansion of territory
  • New trading opportunities
  • Private investment from the Crown and courtiers
  • Adventure and the pursuit of wealth
• What were the technological advancements that aided exploration during the Elizabethan era?

  • Standardized maps (e.g., Mercator Map)
  • Navigation devices (quadrants and astrolabes)
  • Improved ship design (galleons with bigger sails and firepower)
• What were the stages of the triangular trade?

  1. Trade English goods for enslaved people in Africa
  2. Transport enslaved people to the Americas (Middle Passage)
  3. Return raw materials to England
• What were the impacts of Drake's circumnavigation on England?

  • Increased wealth and funded the government
  • Enhanced England's reputation as a seafaring nation
  • Humiliated Spain and challenged European power dynamics
• What were the outcomes of Raleigh's expeditions to the New World?

  • First expedition to Virginia in 1585
  • Roanoke colony established but failed
  • Set the stage for future colonization efforts