religious matters

• What was the outcome of Elizabeth's religious settlement?

  England became a Protestant country again
• What are the main beliefs of Catholicism?

  • Head of the Church is the Pope
  • Priests act as intermediaries
  • Transubstantiation occurs during Mass
  • Seven sacraments are practiced
• How many sacraments do Catholics recognize?

  Seven sacraments
• What are the main practices of Catholicism?

  • Priests wear vestments
  • Churches are highly decorated
  • Services are conducted in Latin
• Where were Catholics mostly located in England?

  North and West England
• What are the main beliefs of Protestantism?

  • No pope; may have archbishops or bishops
  • Direct relationship with God via prayer and Bible
  • Bread and wine represent Christ's body and blood
  • Two sacraments: Baptism and Holy Communion
• How many sacraments do Protestants recognize?

  Two sacraments
• What are the main practices of Protestantism?

  • Priests can marry
  • Services are conducted in English
  • Priests wear simple vestments
  • Churches are plain and simple
• Where were Protestants mostly located in England?

  South-east England
• What are the main beliefs of Puritanism?

  • No popes, cardinals, or bishops
  • Direct relationship with God via prayer and Bible
  • Bread and wine represent Christ's body and blood
  • Two sacraments: Baptism and Holy Communion
• Where were Puritans mostly located in England?

  London and East Anglia
• What were the religious divisions in England before the Elizabethan settlement?

  • The Reformation divided Catholics and Protestants
  • Henry VIII declared himself Head of the Church
  • Edward VI moved towards Protestantism
  • Mary Tudor restored Catholicism
• What did Henry VIII do regarding the Church?

  Declared himself Head of the Church
• Why did many Protestants come to England in the 1530s?

  To escape persecution in Europe
• What was the risk posed by Catholics in the north of England?

  They could rebel to restore Catholicism
• What was the Act of Uniformity?

  • Established church appearance and services
  • Required everyone to attend church
• What was the Act of Supremacy?

  • Elizabeth became Supreme Governor of the Church
  • Clergy and officials had to swear allegiance
• What was the role of the Ecclesiastical High Commission?

  • Maintain discipline within the Church
  • Enforce Elizabeth's religious settlement
• What was the purpose of the Royal Injunctions?

  Instructions for clergy on worship and services
• What did the Book of Common Prayer introduce?

  A set church service for all churches
• Why did the Northern Rebels rebel?

  • Disliked Elizabeth's religious settlement
  • Disliked Elizabeth's advisors
  • Wanted to regain influence and wealth
  • Saw Mary as a potential replacement
• Who were the key players in the Northern Rebellion?

  • Earl of Northumberland
  • Earl of Westmorland
  • Mary Queen of Scots
• What was the marriage plan in the Northern Rebellion?

  • Duke of Norfolk to marry Mary
  • Plan to imprison Elizabeth and restore Catholicism
• Why did the Northern Rebellion fail?

  Many nobles remained loyal to Elizabeth
• What was the significance of the Northern Rebellion?

  • Showed Mary could not be trusted
  • Pope excommunicated Elizabeth
  • Strengthened Elizabeth's control in the north
• What was the consequence for Thomas Percy after the Northern Rebellion?

  He was executed
• Why were Catholics seen as a threat to Elizabeth?

  They refused to attend Protestant services
• What was the papal bull of excommunication?

  • Issued by Pope Pius V in 1570
  • Expelled Elizabeth from the Catholic Church
  • Called for her subjects to disobey her
• What were the consequences of the papal bull?

  • Encouraged plots against Elizabeth
  • Led to harsher treatment of Catholics
  • Increased fear of Catholic plots
• What is a recusant?

  A Catholic who refused to attend services
• Why did treatment of Catholics worsen after 1570?

  • Laws against Catholics were passed
  • Mass was outlawed
  • Recusants faced heavy fines
• What was the progress of the Ridolfi plot?

  • Ridolfi sought support from Spain and the Pope
  • The plot was discovered through a messenger
  • Norfolk was executed for his involvement
• What was the significance of the Ridolfi plot?

  • Highlighted Spain and the Pope as enemies
  • Showed Catholics remained a serious threat
• What was Campion's mission?

  • Jesuit missionaries aimed to reconvert Catholics
  • Campion preached against attending Protestant services
  • Many priests were executed for their actions
• What was the Throckmorton plot about?

  • Involved a conspiracy to assassinate Elizabeth
  • Aimed to replace her with Mary Queen of Scots
• Who were the main figures that arrived in England from Rome in the late 16th century?

  Edmund Campion and Robert Parsons
• What was the primary aim of Campion and Parsons in England?

  To reconvert English Catholics
• How did Campion and Parsons distribute their message to avoid detection?

  They targeted primarily religious audiences
• What was Campion's stance on attending Protestant services?

  Catholics must not attend Protestant services
• What was the consequence of Campion's challenge to Elizabeth's authority?

  It threatened Elizabeth's position as Head of the Church