Toxi lec m2

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Created by
Francia Diwas

Cards (41)

  • MECHANISM OF TOXICITY

    1.Delivery: Site of Exposure to the Target
    2.Reaction of the Ultimate Toxicant with the Target Molecule
    3.Cellular Dysfunction and Resultant Toxicity
    4.Repair or Dysrepair
  • DELIVERY: Site of Exposure to the Target

    Can be exposed from the toxicant through the skin
  • DELIVERY: Site of Exposure to the Target 

    Ingest the toxicant (GI Tract)
  • DELIVERY: Site of Exposure to the Target 

    Inhale through the respiratory tract
  • Reaction of the ultimate toxicant with the target molecule 

    The concentration of the ultimate toxicant at the target site will depend on the effectiveness of the processes that will occur
  • Reaction of the ultimate toxicant with the target molecule 

    Will either increase the concentration of the toxicant at the target site
    1. Absorption
    2. Distribution toward the target
    3. Reabsorption
    4. Toxication
  • Reaction of the ultimate toxicant with the target molecule
    Will either increase the concentration of the toxicant at the target site
    1. Absorption
    2. Distribution toward the target
    3. Reabsorption
    4. Toxication
  • Reaction of the ultimate toxicant with the target molecule 

    Decrease concentration
    1. Pre-systemic elimination 2. Distribution away from the target 3. Excretion
    2. 4. Detoxification
  • Reaction of the ultimate toxicant with the target molecule
    Decrease concentration
    1. Pre-systemic elimination
    2. Distribution away from the target
    3. Excretion
    4. Detoxification
  • Cellular Dysfunction and Resultant Toxicity
    a. Absorption - transfer of chemical from the site of exposure to the systemic circulation
    b. Distribution toward target - toxicant reach the site of
    action and exert effect
    c. Reabsorption
    d. Toxication
  • Cellular Dysfunction and Resultant Toxicity
    1. Absorption - transfer of chemical from the site of exposure to the systemic circulation
  • Cellular Dysfunction and Resultant Toxicity
    2. Distribution toward target - toxicant reach the site of action and exert effect
  • Repair or Dysrepair 

    Distribute through the body prior to being detoxified in the liver
  • FORMS OF CELL DEATH
    Necrosis
    Apoptosis
  • NECROSIS

    Unprogrammed cell death
  • NECROSIS

    Passive form of cell death induced by accidental damage of tissue and does not involve activation of any specific cellular program
  • NECROSIS

    Early loss of plasma membrane integrity and swelling of the cell body followed by bursting of cell
  • NECROSIS

    Mitochondria and various cellular processes contain substances that can be damaging to surrounding cells and are released upon bursting and cause inflammation
  • NECROSIS

    Cells necrotize in response to tissue damage [injury by chemicals and viruses, infection, cancer, inflammation, ischemia (death due to blockage of blood to tissue)
  • NECROSIS - Passive form of cell death induced by accidental damage of tissue and does not involve activation of any specific cellular program.
  • NECROSIS - Cells necrotize in response to tissue damage [injury by chemicals and viruses, infection, cancer, inflammation, ischemia (death due to blockage of blood to tissue
  • Apoptosis

    one of the main forms of programmed cell death (not as dangerous to organism as necrosis)
  • Active form

    Active form of cell death enabling individual cells to commit suicide
  • Apoptosis

    Caspase-dependent
  • Apoptosis

    Dying cells shrink and condense and then fragment, releasing small membrane-bound apoptotic bodies, which are phagocytosed by immune cells (i.e. macrophages).
  • Apoptosis

    Intracellular constituents are not released where they might have deleterious effects on neighboring cells
  • Apoptosis - active form of cell death enabling individual cells to commit suicide
  • EXPOSURE AND DISTRIBUTION 

    Important in determining toxicity
  • EXPOSURE AND DISTRIBUTION

    Some chemicals may be highly toxic by one route but not by others. Two major reasons are differences in absorption and distribution within the body.
    1. Inhalation,
    2. Ingestion,
    3. Contact with skin and eyes, or
    4. Injection.
  • EXPOSURE AND DISTRIBUTION
    -Some chemicals may be highly toxic by one route but not by others. Two major reasons are differences in absorption and distribution within the body.
    1. Inhalation,
    2. Ingestion,
    3. Contact with skin and eyes, or
    4. Injection.
  • IV > INHALATION > IP > SC > IM > ID > PO > DERMAL
  • TIME OF EXPOSURE

    Time and frequency contribute to dose
  • ACUTE EXPOSURE
    Single exposure
  • CHRONIC EXPOSURE

    Multiple times of exposure
  • Acute
    • <24H
    • 1 Exposure
  • SUBACUTE
    • 1 month
    • Repeated doses
  • SUBCHRONIC
    • 1-3 months
    • Repeated doses
  • CHRONIC
    • >3 months
    • Repeated doses
  • The ability to be absorbed is essential to systemic toxicity
    ● Some chemicals are readily absorbed and others are poorly absorbed.
    ● The rates and extent of absorption may vary greatly depending on the form of a chemical and the route of exposure to it.
  • Ethanol is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract but poorly absorbed through the skin