collapse of the league

• What decade is referred to as the Great Depression?

  1930s
• What event marked the end of the economic boom in the USA in 1929?

  The Wall Street Crash
• What happened on 'Black Thursday' in October 1929?

  Stocks and shares lost their value
• How many Americans were unemployed by 1933?

  13 million
• What was a significant consequence of the Great Depression for many Americans?

  Many lost their homes and lived in poverty
• What were the worldwide impacts of the Great Depression?

  • Decreased American spending affected global profits
  • Increased customs charges led to reduced international trade
  • Japanese exports dropped by 50% from 1929 to 1931
  • American banks recalled loans from European countries
• How did the US government respond to the economic crisis during the Great Depression?

  By increasing customs charges on foreign goods
• How did the Great Depression contribute to the rise of nationalism?

  People sought solutions from nationalist leaders
• What strategies did nationalists like Hitler and Mussolini use to gain popularity during the Great Depression?

  • Promised state-run economies and jobs
  • Offered to take land by force for resources
  • Used simple solutions to appeal to the public
  • Blamed other groups for economic problems
  • Promised to restore national pride
• Why were the powers of the League of Nations ineffective against dictators?

  Dictators were not afraid of violence
• What was the League's response to Japan's invasion of Manchuria?

  Sent a commission to investigate
• What was the Mukden Incident?

  An explosion used as an excuse to invade
• Who was the puppet ruler set up by Japan in Manchuria?

  Pu Yi
• What did the League of Nations issue after investigating the Mukden Incident?

  A moral condemnation of Japan
• Why did the League fail to stop Mussolini's invasion of Abyssinia?

  It issued only a moral condemnation
• What were the consequences of the Abyssinian Crisis for the League of Nations?

  • The League's reputation was severely damaged
  • It showed that powerful countries could act aggressively
  • Small nations lost faith in the League's protection
  • Britain and France undermined the League for their interests
• What was the Hoare-Laval Pact?

  A secret settlement to appease Italy
• What was a major weakness of the League of Nations?

  It had no army of its own
• What factors contributed to the League's failure to prevent war in 1939?

  • Lack of resources and political will
  • Exclusion of powerful countries like the USA
  • Members acted in their own interests
  • Ineffective sanctions and moral condemnations
• What did the League of Nations depend on for military action?

  Member countries to supply troops
• How did the Great Depression affect international cooperation?

  Countries became more inward-looking
• How did the failure to prevent the invasion of Abyssinia affect Hitler and Mussolini's actions?

  It encouraged them to act aggressively
• What were some criticisms of the League of Nations expressed by historical figures?

  • Herbert Fisher: League offers a way to peace
  • Benito Mussolini: League ineffective against powerful nations
  • Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan: League lacks spirit and effectiveness
• What year did the League of Nations fail to prevent war?

  1939
• What was the League's response to the Japanese invasion of Jehol?

  It did nothing after Japan left
• How did the League's structure contribute to its ineffectiveness?

  Decisions required unanimous agreement
• What did the Great Depression lead to in terms of political ideologies?

  Increased attractiveness of aggressive nationalism
• What was the main reason for the League's inability to act decisively?

  Lack of political will among member states
• How did the League's failure to act affect small nations?

  They felt unprotected and vulnerable
• What was the impact of the League's moral condemnation on aggressor nations?

  It had little to no effect on their actions