respiration

• What is respiration primarily used for in organisms?

  To release energy from glucose
• What type of reaction is cellular respiration?


  Exothermic reaction
• What does cellular respiration involve?

  Breaking apart glucose molecules
• What is the key point about energy in respiration?

  Energy is transferred, not created
• What does the term exothermic mean?

  Reaction releases energy
• What are the two types of respiration?

  Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• When does aerobic respiration occur?

  When there is enough oxygen
• Why is aerobic respiration more efficient?

  It transfers more energy from glucose
• Where does aerobic respiration take place?


  In mitochondria
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  Respiration without oxygen
• When do humans perform anaerobic respiration?

  When sprinting and oxygen is insufficient
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?

  Glucose → lactic acid
• Why is anaerobic respiration considered inefficient?

  Glucose is only partially broken down
• What is a toxic byproduct of anaerobic respiration?

  Lactic acid
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

  Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
• How is fermentation utilized in industry?

  • Yeast added to bread for air pockets
  • Yeast used to make beer and wine
• Why does aerobic respiration release so much energy?

  As the glucose molecule is fully oxidised
• Why do muscles require ENERGY?

  For contraction
• Which type of respiration releases the most energy?

  Aerobic
• Why does anaerobic respiration release so much less energy?

  As the glucose molecule isn't fully oxidised
• Where does anaerobic respiration occur in humans?

  Muscle cells
• Define fermentation

  Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
• what else is required for aerobic respiration?

  lots of enzymes
• how are mitochondria adapted for aerobic respiration?

  • highly folded inner membrane, which provides a large surface area for enzymes involved in aerobic respiration
• why does a muscle cell have more mitochondria than a fat cell

  more active a cell is, the greater its energy required, so more mitochondria it needs, so more energy is released
• how is the heat released form aerobic respiration used by animals?

  In birds and mammals, this heat is distributed around the body by the blood. It keeps these animals warm and helps to keep a constant internal temperature.
• what is the main substrate of aerobic respiration?

  glucose
• what are mitochondria also known as?

  cellular power plants
• what is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

  $C_6H_{12}O_6+$$6O_2\rightarrow6H_2O+$$6CO_2$
• how to test for carbon dioxide?

   by bubbling the gas through limewater. If Carbon Dioxide is present the limewater will turn from colourless to a cloudy milky colour.
• why do red blood cells use anaerobic respiration?

  as they have no mitochondria, where aerobic respiration occurs

  anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm of cells
• define oxygen debt

  the volume of oxygen needed to break down the lactic acid
• why does heart rate and breathing rate remain high for a period after exercise?

  to supply extra oxygen, to supply oxygen dent to deal with the excess toxic lactic acid
• how does the body deal with excess lactic acid produced?

  lactic acid +oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
• why is anaerobic respiration a faster process than aerobic respiration?

  shorter process, with fewer stages, and glucose is only partially oxidised
• why is fermentation not sustainable for a long time?

  as ethanol levels build up, and eventually kill the plant or yeast cells
• why do boys generally eat more than girls?

  boys have more muscle cells

  so more mitochondria

  so requires more fuel for aerobic respiration
• what are muscles made from?

  protein fibres
• explain why muscles need more oxygen if you exercise

  muscle fibres need lots of energy to contract for movement.

  they contain lots of mitochondria for aerobic respiration, which requires lots of oxygen