Community Health Midterm

• Health promotion is the process of enabling people to improve their health
• Health promotion involves building healthy public policies, creating supportive environments, and strengthening community action and personal skill
• Ottawa Charter was established in 1986 with the purpose of generating action to achieve health for all by the year 2000 and beyond
• The Ottawa Charter defines the fundamental conditions and resources for health are peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice, and equity
• Types of health promotion interventions are communication, education, and policy, systems, and environment
• communication includes raising awareness about healthy behaviors for the general public
• education includes empowering behavior change and actions through increased knowledge
• policy, systems, and environment includes making systematic changes - through improved laws, rules, and regulations (policy), functional organizational components (systems), and economic, social, or physical environment - to encourage, make available, and enable healthy choices
• social ecological model includes intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and society
• social ecological model includes both the physical and social environment
• in the social ecological model distal factors are farther away from the individual and include society and community
• in the social ecological model intermediate factors are the social and cultural factors that influence the individual's behaviour they include organizational factors and interpersonal factors
• in the social ecological model proximal factors are the factors that are closest to the individual and include intrapersonal factors
• societal factors are infrastructure, health facilities, policy, and education
• community factors include the built environment, social capital, and social class
• organizational factors include work, health organizations, and school
• interpersonal groups include home, family, and peer group
• intrapersonal factors include biological and psychological
• community engagement encompasses strategies and processes to enhance community involvement in addressing health priorities
• community engagement helps to understand the interests, characteristics, values, and needs of your target population
• stakeholders are people or organizations with a vested interest in a program/intervention
• key stakeholders are those involved in program operations, those who are intended users of the evaluation findings, and those served or affected by the program
• utilitarian models of engagement may not involve communities throughout the entire process and partnerships are often not sustained
• community empowerment is essential because it builds trust and strengthens the community for the absence of interventions
• in community empowerment lack of attention to empowerment can increase community distrust and potentially perpetuate inequity
• a partnership is composed of organizations that chare a common focus and combine resources to implement joint activities
• a coalition is a group of individuals/organizations with a common interest who agree to work together toward a common goal
• coalition goals are to change individual behavior, increase community capacity to address an issue, and influence or develop public policy, usually around a specific issue
• you should develop a coalition when dramatic or disturbing events occur in a community, when new funding becomes available, and when there's an outside threat to the community
• stakeholders, community opinion leaders, and policy makers should be apart of a coalition
• guidelines for establishing a coalition are to be inclusive, network, communicate, be creative, and be realistic
• the collective impact model involves a single common agenda
• the community coalition action theory addresses the full range of processes from initiation of new collaborative activities to institutionalization of mature relationships