Introduction

• a special branch of organic chemistry that deals with matter inside the living cell

  • Biochemistry
• proposed the combustion of candle

  • Antoine Lavoisier
• demonstrated the alcoholic fermentation

  • Eduard Buchner
• The term Biochemistry was coined by

  • Carl Neuber
• this experiment have recreated the atmosphere of primitive earth, which led to the spontaneous formation of amino acids and other biological molecules

  • Miller Urey Experiment
• Isolated Crystals from Jack Bean

  • James Sumner
• this transformation allows a bacterium to take up genes from its surrounding environment, which could lead to acquisition of new genetic characteristics.

  • Griffith's Experiment-Transformation principle
• this experiment reported that DNA is the substance that causes bacterial transformation

  • Avery,McCarty and MacLeod
• this experiment helped confirm that DNA is a genetic Material

  • Hershey-chase Experiment
• Deals with the composition, structure and interaction of cellular molecules that carry out the biological pricesses essential for the cell's functions and maintenance

  • Molecular Biology
• The totality of chemical reactions that occur in living matter.

  • Metabolism
• The chemistry of processes and substances that store and transmit biological information

  • Molecular genetics
• Deals with the relationship of chemical structure and biological function

  • Structural Chemistry
• The study of drugs, their sources, their nature, and their properties.

  • Pharmacology
• deals with physiological functioning of immune system

  • Immunology
• The most abundant organic molecules in nature. it is an Aldehyde or ketone compound with multiple hydroxyl group

  • Carbohydrates
• it is a fat, insoluble in water but soluble in non polar solvent. it is also not a polymer

  • Lipids
• The most important of all biological compound, it is composed of C,H,O, and N atoms

  • Proteins
• molecules that store information for cellular growth and reproduction. Contains C,H,O,N, and P atoms

  • Nucleic acid
• the predominant chemical component of living organism

  • water
• the attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind

  • Cohesion
• The tendency of a liquid's surface to resist rupture when placed under tension or stress

  • Surface Tension
• The Attraction of Molecules of one kind for molecules of a different kind

  • Adhesion
• Enables water to "climb" upwards through thin glass tubes

  • Capillary action
• the amount of energy required to change the temperature of a substance is called

  • Specific Heat
• A measure of how acidic or basic a substance is

  • pH
• occurs when a molecule losses two hydrogen and/or gains an oxygen. involves the loss of electrons

  • Oxidation
• It occurs when hydrogen gains two hydrogens and/or loses oxygen. it involves the gain of electron

  • Reduction
• +H20

  • Hydrolysis
• a reaction that links biological molecules together

  • Condensation
• two hydrogen atoms are added

  • Hydrogenation
• Hydrogen is remove

  • Dehydrogenation
• a phenomenon where a single compound tends to exist in two or more interconvertible structures

  • Tautomerism
• carboxylic acid groups are produce

  • Carboxylation
• eliminates a carboxyl group

  • Decarboxylation
• addition of phosphoryl

  • Phosphorylation
• phophate groups are remove

  • Dephophorylation