MODULE 1 ABPSY

• Abnormal Psych - Paano macoconsider na hindi normal ang isang behavior, broad and focused more on abnormality
• Psychopathology - concerned with problem which are mental disorders
• hindi lahat ng behavior na macoconsider as abnormal ay isang disorder
• Abnormal Psychology - understanding the nature, causes, and treatment of mental disorders
• family aggregation - whether a disorder runs in families
• There is still no universal agreement about what is meant by abnormality or disorder.
• A major problem in definition of abnormality is that there is no one behavior that makes someone abnormal
• May mga clear elements or indicators ang abnormality
• No single indicator is sufficient in and of itself to define or determine abnormality
• The more that someone has difficulties in the following areas, the more likely he is going to have some form of mental disorder
• What do we mean by abnormality?

  1. Suffering
  2. Maladaptiveness
  3. Statistical Deviancy
  4. Violation of Standards of Society
  5. Social Discomfort
  6. Irrationality and Unpredictability
  7. Dangerousness
• Suffering

  • people experience psychological pain (indication of abnormality)
  • neither a sufficient condition nor even a necessary condition
• Hindi lahat ng disorders ay may suffering = ex. sleepwalking

  Suffering is not always abnormal, but it can be an indication
• Maladaptiveness

  • Maladaptive behavior is an indicator or abnormality
  • interferes with our well-being and with our ability to enjoy our work and our relationships
  • not all disorders have this, but behavior is abnormal bc it is maladaptive for and towards society
• Maladaptiveness

  • Ex. Person with Anorexia, magdidiet hanggang mahospitalize na
  • Ex. Anxiety = Nahihirapan mag adapt sa situation
• Maladaptiveness

  • Inability to adapt to a certain situation
  • Hindi porket nahihirapan mag adapt abnormality na (ex. transitioning to college)
• Statistical Deviancy

  • considering statistically rare behavior to be abnormal does not provide us with a solution to our problem of defining abnormality
• Statistical deviancy

  • abnormal literally means "away from normal"
  • We do not consider people with uncommon talents to be abnormal in some way (ex. genius, perfect pitch)
• Statistical Deviancy

  • kapag based on statistics, rare ang condition (ex. multiple personality disorder = unti lang nakakaranas)
• Ang abnormality ay depende sa tingin ng society
• 3 depende sa pananaw ng society:

  • Violation of standards of society
  • Social Discomfort
  • Irrationality and Unpredictability
• Violation of Standards of Society

  • all cultures have rules and some are formalized as laws
  • other rules form the norms and moral standards that we are taught to follow
  • When people fail to follow the social and mental rules of a cultural group, we may consider their behavior as abnormal
• Violation of standards of society

  • kapag lumalabas tayo sa expectations or standards ng society
• Social discomfort

  • When someone violates a social rule, those around him or her may experience a sense of discomfort or unease
• Irrationality and Unpredictability

  • We expect people to behave in certain ways
  • Although a little unconventionality may add some spice to life, there is a point at which we are likely to consider a given unorthodox behavior abnormal
• Irrationality and Unpredictability

  • When performing a behavior or actions that is iba sa inaasahan ng society
• Dangerousness

  • someone who is a danger to him or herself or to another person must be psychologically abnormal
• Decisions about abnormal behavior always involve social judgments and are based on values and expectations of society at large (napakalaki ng role ng society sa paglalabel ng behaviors)
• Culture plays a role in determining what is and is not abnormal
• One challenge we face in abnormal psych is to remain objective

  • our subject matter, human behavior is personal and powerfully affecting making objectivity difficult
• psychopathology

  • nature, development, and treatment of mental disorders (still developing so pwede pa magkaroon ng new and additional findings)
• stigma

  • mga label na binibigay sa individuals na degrading or destructive for them
• how many characteristics does stigma has?

  4
• 4 characteristics of stigma

  1. Distinguishing label is applied
  2. Label refers to undesirable attributes
  3. People with the label are seen different
  4. People with the label are discriminated against
• 1st characteristic of stigma:

  • A label is applied to a group of people that distinguished them from others (ex. crazy)
  • dito nagsisimula stigma, sa labeling
• 2nd characteristic of stigma:

  • Label is linked to deviant or undesirable attributes by society (ex. crazy people are dangerous)
  • paglilink ng label sa undesirable behaviors
• 3rd characteristic of stigma:

  • People with the label are seen as essentially different from those without the label, contributing to an "us" vs "them" mentality (ex. we are not like those crazy people)
  • Against sa atin ung mga taong nilalabel natin
• 4th characteristic of stigma:

  • People with the label are discriminated against unfairly (ex. a clinic for crazy people can't be built in our neighborhood)
  • ex. wag kang pumunta dyan kasi may baliw dyan
• David Satcher

  • 1999
  • Surgeon Gen. of US
  • Stigma is the most formidable obstacle to future progress in the arena of mental illness and mental health
  • remains true more than 10 years later
• Stigma

  • most formidable obstacle to future progress in the arena of mental illness and mental health