MODULE 2 ABPSY

• psychodynamic approach

  • focused on early childhood experiences, unconscious, internal conflicts, as determinants of abnormality
• behavioral approach

  • focused on determinants of abnormalities can be learned or unlearned
• psychoanalytic theory

  • central assumption of Sigmund Freud
  • psychopathology results from unconscious conflicts in the individual
• structure or provinces of the mind:

  • id, ego, superego
• Id - pleasure principle - child - at birth
• ego - reality principle - older brother - 2 years
• superego - morality principle - mother - 5 years
• Id - pleasure, desire, focus sa immediate gratification (Ex. bata concept, present at birth, unang structure na nadedevelop)
• Ego - older brother of id, provides reality for id
• Id

  • present at birth
  • repository of all of the energy needed to run the psyche
  • including the basic urges for food, water, elimination, warmth, affection, and sex
• Libido

  • freud saw the source of id's energy as biological
  • individuals cannot consciously perceive this energy -- it is unconscious, below the level of awareness
• id

  • seeks immediate gratification of its urges, operating on what freud called the pleasure principle
  • when not satisfied, tension is produced, and impels a person to eliminate this tension as quickly as possible
• ego

  • develop from the id during the second 6 months of life
  • unlike id, this is primarily conscious
  • operates on what Freud called reality principle
  • reality principle because it mediates between the demands of reality and id's demands for immediate gratification
• Superego

  • person's conscience
  • develops throughout childhood, arising from the ego, as the ego arises from id
• superego - konsensya, tama or mali
• Id - nagugutom gusto kumain

  Ego - di ka naman pwede kumain ng kahit anong bagay, pero pwede tayo magnakaw ng pagkain

  Superego - masama ang magnakaw
• Pwede magcause ng abnormality if may conflict sa 3 provinces of mind: id, ego, superego
• Defense mechanism

  • ginagamit kapag may anxiety provoking situations
  • parang coping mechanisms
  • ginagawa ng utak unconsciously // can cause abnormality if palagi ginagamit
• Defense mechanism - a strategy used by the ego to protect itself from anxiety
• Defense Mechanisms

  1. Repression
  2. Denial
  3. Projection
  4. Displacement
  5. Reaction Formation
  6. Regression
  7. Rationalization
  8. Sublimation
• Repression

  • keeping unacceptable impulses one has or wishes from unconscious awareness
  • ex. a prof starting a lecture she dreaded giving says "in conlusion..."
• Denial

  • Not accepting a painful reality into conscious awareness
  • ex. A victim of childhood abuse does not acknowledge it as an adult
• Projection

  • Attributing to someone else one own's unacceptable thoughts or feelings
  • ex. A man who hates members of a racial group believes that it is they who dislike him
• Displacement

  • Redirecting emotional responses from their real target to someone else
  • ex. A child gets mad at her brother but instead acts angrily toward her friend
• Reaction Formation

  • Converting an unacceptable feeling into its opposite
  • ex. A person with sexual feelings toward children leads a campaign against sexual abuse
• Regression

  • retreating to a behavioral patterns of an earlier stage of development
  • ex. Adolescent dealing with unacceptable feelings of social inadequacy might attempt to mask those feelings by oral gratification
• Rationalization

  • Offering acceptable reasons for an unacceptable action or attitude
  • Ex. A parent berates a child out of impatience, then indicates that she did so to "build character"
• Sublimation

  • Converting unacceptable aggressive or sexual impulses into socially valued behaviors
  • ex. Someone who has aggressive feelings toward his father becomes a surgeon
• Repression

  • May fear si Jenny sa cotton balls. Nagseek sya ng help and nadiscover nya na kaya pala sya may phobia sa cotton balls is because nakalunok sya dati ng cotton balls noong 6 years old sya and nachoke
• Denial

  • Si Person namatayan ng loved one. Ayaw nyang tanggapin na patay na, dinedeny pa niya sa sarili niya.
• Projection

  • May kabit ka, pero tuwing mag aaway kayo ng jowa mo, sasabihin mo sa kanya: "Siguro may kabit ka noh?!"
• Displacement

  • Redirect our emotions to others : Teacher pinagalitan leader, leader magagalit sa members
• Reaction Formation

  • Unacceptable desires pero ang pinaproject natin ay opposite
  • Misogynistic kang tao, pero nagcacampaign ka against misogyny
• Regression

  • Kapag may kinakaharap kang situation na mabigat, bumabalik ka sa pagiging bata or childlike
  • Mga matatanda na aanxious sa age nila, so they will go to bars or clubs to feel young again
• Rationalization

  • Nagpoprovide ng reason na acceptable ang behavior
  • Bumagsak sa exam dahil di nagreview, isisisi sa prof at sasabihin bumagsak dahil di nagtuturo prof
• Sublimation

  • Imbis na gawin unacceptable desires, gagawa ng acceptable behavior
  • Mataas libido, imbes na mambastos, maggygym nalang
• Psychosexual stages

  • pwede magcause ng abnormality pag di nasatisfy or nagkaroon ng fixations
  • OA PhaLaGe
• Psychoanalytic therapy - focused sa childhood experiences
• In psychoanalytic and newer psychodynamic treatments, the goal of the therapist is to understand the person's early-childhood experiences, the nature of relationships, and patterns in current relationships
• Dream analysis - pinakagamit sa psychoanalysis

  Manifest content - kung ano nangyari sa dream

  Latent content - ano sinisymbolize ng dream, ano interpretation