Mutations

• Types

  Neutral, harmful, helpful
• Changes in DNA-- Deletion

  Section removed
• Changes in DNA-- Insertion


  Section added
• Changes in DNA-- Duplication


  Section repeated
• Changes in DNA-- Invertion

  Section switch places
• Causes

  Errors in replication or cell division (mitosis/meiosis)

  Environmentally induced damage (mutagens)
• Non-functioning protein

  Changes the codon changes the amino acid and alters biological function
• Chromosomal mutations

  All DNA changed-- parts of chromosomes deleted/repeated/translocated
• Gene mutations

  changes bases within DNA molecule