SOCIAL STUDIES

•    Six main kingdoms established by Germanic tribes:

  • Burgundian
  • Frankish
  • Ostrogoth
  • Sueve
  • Vandal
  • Visigoth
• “Missi dominici” means - “messenger of the emperor”
• Charlemagne’s grandsons:

  • Charles the Bald
  • Louis the German
  • Luther
• Causes of the empire/s decline

  • Weak leaders
  • Invasions of Muslim groups from North Africa
  • Decline of monarchical power and the shift of influence to the nobility and local leaders.
• Feudalism derived from the word “feodus” or “fief” meaning land
• Feudalism derived from the word “feodus” or “fief” meaning land
• Feudalism derived from the word “feodus” or “fief” meaning land
• Feudalism is own by Feudal lords.
• Manor - A huge estate owned by a landlord
• Manorialism

  • Shows the economic relationship between landlords, nobles, and serfs.
• Serfs

  • A farmer in the manorial system
• Characteristics of a Serf

  • Paid taxes to the landlord. 
  • They also had to seek the landlord's permission if they wish to marry or leave the manor.
• Bourgeoisie

  • Composed of traders and artisans
  • Middle class in the society
  • Moneylenders and investors
  • Developed market outside territories
  • They are rich because they are the ones who invest money
• Mercantilism 

  • Refers to a theory that the power of a country lies on its wealth
• 11th century

  • Monarchies regained power
  • Monarchies expanded their territories because of Mercantilism
  • Formed centralized governments
• Feudalism

  • Manorialism

  Mercantilism

  • Gold and silver
• John I:

  • Signed the Magna Carta or Great Charter
• Alfred the Great:

  • Established the kingdom of England
• Henry II:

  • Brought England into a vast continental empire
• Philip II:

  • Increased the territory through marriage and the recovery of lands taken by the English
• Hugh Capet:

  • His descendants expanded their dominion and maintained it for 300 years
• Frederick I:

  • Failed to subject the Church and the nobles to his power
• Frederick II:

  • Was excommunicated when he became a threat to Rome and the Church
• Louis IX:

  • Issued laws implemented in the entire kingdom
• Henry I:

  • Embarked on the codification of the laws in England
• Simon De Monfort:

  • Appointed representatives of ordinary citizens to the Great Council
• NETHERLANDSHenry Hudson Abel TasmanENGLANDSir Walter RaleighFrancis DrakeJohn CabotFRANCEJacques CartierSamuel ChamplainRobert La Salle