UNDS (WEEK 1)

• Philosophy is derived from the Greek words “Philos” and “Sophia” which literally means “Love for Wisdom.” It involves acquiring knowledge through rational thinking and inquiries that answer questions regarding the nature and existence of man and the world we live in
• Socrates, known as the first martyr of education, knowledge, and philosophy, emphasized the importance of "knowing oneself" as the key to achieving happiness
• Plato, a student of Socrates, believed that the self is synonymous with the soul and identified three parts of the soul: appetitive soul, spirited soul, and rational soul
• St. Augustine, a Saint and Philosopher, believed that the soul governs and defines the human person or the self, and that doubting and questioning life leads to a deeper understanding of oneself
• Rene Descartes, considered the father of modern philosophy, asserted that the act of thinking, being self-conscious, is proof of one's existence, and introduced the concept of Methodical Doubt as a continuous process of questioning perceptions
• John Locke, known as the Father of Classical Liberalism, introduced the concept of Tabula Rasa, suggesting that individuals are born with a blank slate and their experiences shape their identity and potential for growth
• David Hume, a Scottish Philosopher, focused on Empiricism, Skepticism, and Naturalism, arguing that there is no permanent self and that our impressions and experiences shape our ideas and knowledge
• Immanuel Kant, a German Philosopher, emphasized that to fully understand oneself, a certain level of consciousness is required, using intuition to synthesize experiences, impressions, and perceptions to define the self
• Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, introduced the idea that the self is multi-layered, with aspects of personality including the ID, SUPER EGO, and EGO, and believed that our experiences shape our personality
• Gilbert Ryle proposed that the self is the behavior presented by the person, suggesting that our actions, behaviors, and reactions define who we are
• Paul Churchland, a Canadian Philosopher, introduced the concept of Eliminative Materialism, opposing common sense understanding of the mind, and emphasized the importance of understanding the brain's neurological movements to comprehend behavior
• Maurice Merleau-Ponty, a French philosopher known for existentialism and phenomenology, believed the physical body is integral to the subjective self and introduced the Phenomenology of Perception divided into three divisions: the body, the perceived world, and the people and the world
• Who is our main companion in living in this world?

  Self
• What is the famous quote attributed to St. Augustine?

  I am doubting, therefore I am
• Plato wrote several literature that tackles ____, ______, and established the idea of ____ and ____.

  politics, human nature, virtue, intelligence
• 2 notable works of Plato

  Allegory of the cave, appology
• “Cogito Ergo Sum” means...

  I think therefore, I am
• Quote attributed to David Hume.

  There is no permanent self
• Examples of characteristics surrounding impression, according to David Hume.

  loving, cold, approachable, sad, warm, happy
• Ryle's view which states that the man is a complex machine with different functioning parts, and the intelligence, and other characteristics or behavior of man is represented by the ___ in the said ____.

  Ghost in the machine
• Churchland believes that "self" is defined by what?

  Movement of our brain
• Churchland and his wife created a statement called _____.

  The brain as the self
• What is the full name of Merleau-Ponty?

  Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty
• enable one to not only be able to integrate the other objects in the world but also to be able to experience the cultural aspect and relate to others.

  The people and the world
• Philosophy means...

  Love for wisdom
• What does philosophy mean?

  Love for wisdom
• What did David Hume say about the self?

  "No permanent self"
• What nationality was Maurice Merleau-Ponty?

  French
• It receives the experience as well as integrates such experiences in different perception.

  The body
• It is the accumulation of the perception as integrated by the experiences of the body.

  The perceived world
• Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty is a French philosopher that is known for his works on?

  Existentialism and Phenomenology
• The idea that states that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts in which pushed his idea on the unity of the function of the mid and the body.


  Phenomenology of Perception
• He believed the physical body to be an important part of what makes up the subjective self.

  Maurice Merleau-Ponty
• For Freud, what guides our action?

  For Freud, what guides our action?
• Freud's idea of perception follows the idea of ________ which gives importance on the whole than the sum of its parts.

  Gestalt psychology
• Who regarded that the mind and body are not separate entities, but rather those two components is one and the same?

  Merleau-Ponty
• What nationality was Paul Churchland?

  Canadian
• Who introduced the concept of Eliminative Materialism?

  Paul Churchland
• opposes that people’s common sense understanding of the mind is false and that most of the mental states that people subscribe to, in turn, do not actually exist, this idea also applies on the understanding of behavior and emotions.

  Eliminative Materialism
• Paul Churchland work revolves challenging notion, which also involves the concept of Folk psychology also known as what?

  Common sense psychology