Neoclassical & Romantic Art

• NEOCLASSICAL ART was born out of rejection of the Rococo and late baroque styles.
• NEOCLASSICAL ART CHARACTERISTICS

  
• (NEOCLASSICAL)

  GREEK WORD:  “NEOS” MEANING “NEW”

  LATIN WORD:  “CLASSICUS”

  ENGLISH:  “FIRST CLASS”
• NEOCLASSICAL - INSPIRED BY THE CLASSICAL ART CULTURE OF

  ANCIENT GREECE AND ANCIENT ROME
• Neoclassical is influenced by Western movements: Decorative, Visual Arts, Literature, Theater, Music, Architecture
• Neoclassical CHARACTERISTICS:

  -brought back and depicted Roman history

  -formal composition

  -the use of diagonals shows the apex of emotion/moment (versus a regular moment)

  - local color

  -overall lighting

  -classic geo-structure
• JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID (1748-1825) France

  • An influential French painter in the Neoclassical style and considered to be the pre-eminent painter of the era.
  • Has a style of history painting.
• "OATH OF THE HORATII" by JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID - It was a large painting that depicts a scene from a Roman legend about the dispute between Rome and Alba Longa. The Three brothers, all of whom appear willing to sacrifice their lives for the good of Rome, are shown saluting their father who holds their swords out for them.
• THE DEATH OF MARAT by JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID - David’s masterpiece shows the portrayal of a revolutionary martyr. This is a painting of the murdered French revolutionary leader Jean-paul Marat.
• JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE INGRES (1780-1867) France

  • A pupil of Jacques-Louis David
  • Influenced by Italian Renaissance painters like Raphael
  • Paintings are usually nudes, portraits and mythological works.
  • Regarded as one of the great exemplars of "academic art" and one of the finest “Old Masters” of his era .
• THE APOTHEOSIS OF HOMER (J. INGRES)

  • The painting was a state-commission by Charles X to have him remembered in the building works of the Louvre.
  • The painting depicts an image of Homer, receiving all the brillIant men of Rome, Greece and Contemporary times.
• PORTRAIT OF NAPOLEON ON THE IMPERIAL THRONE (J. INGRES) - The painting depicts Napoleon in his decadent coronation costume, seated upon his golden-entrusted throne, hand resting upon smooth ivory balls. During his reign, the painting was owned by the Corps Legislatif which was a part of the French Legislature. The painting was believed to be commissioned by Napoleon as King of Italy.
• ANTONIO CANOVA (1757-1822) Italy

  • Antonio was a prolific Italian artist and sculptor who became famous for his marble sculptures that delicately rendered nude flesh.
  • He opened the idea for portraying discrete sexual pleasures by using pure contours with his mythological compositions.
• PSYCHE AWAKENED BY CUPID’S KISS (A. CANOVA) - A marble sculpture portraying the relationship of Pysche and Cupid.
• WASHINGTON (A. CANOVA) - A marble sculpture of Washington currently displayed at Nort Carolina Museum of History.
• BERTHEL-THORVALDSEN (1789-1838) - Thorvaldsen was the first internationally acclaimed Danish Artist. He executed sculptures of mythological and religious themes characters.
• CHRIST (B. THORVALDSEN) - A marble sculpture image of resurrected Christ currently located at the Thorvaldsen Museum.
• LION OF LUCERNE (B. THORVALDSEN) - A sculpture of a dying lion of Lucerne, Switzerland that commemorates the Swiss Guards who were massacred in 1792 during the French Revolution.
• CLASSIC BLOCK STYLE (ARCHITECTURE) - Beaux-Arts Style developed by French Ecole des Beaux-Art School of Fine Arts

  • Building features a rectangular or square plan with a flat roof and an exterior rich in detail, classical patterns with arches and columns.
  • EXAMPLES: PALAIS GARNIER PARIS OPERA HOUSE C. GARNIER & LIBRARY OF SAINTE-GENEVIVE(H. LABROUSTE)
• PALLADIAN STYLE - based on Andrea Palladio’s style of villa construction.  Balusters or spindles are vertical supports.

  Robert Adam (1728-1792) - Palladian Architect

  EXAMPLES: White House & United States Capitol
• ANCIENT TEMPLE STYLES applying classical elements to churches and modern buildings palazzos and villas.
• PERISTYLE - continuous line of columns around the buildings
• ANCIENT TEMPLE STYLES (EXAMPLES): PANTHEON, PARIS JACQUES-GERMAIN SOUFFLOT & BRITISH MUSEUM LONDON ROBERT SMIRKS & LA MADELEINE DE PARIS PIERRE-ALEXANDRE VIGNON
• 1. An art style that was born out of rejection of the Rococo and late baroque styles.

            A. Neoclassical            C. Renaissance

            B. Medieval                    D. Romanticism
• 2. Which of the following are the characteristics of neoclassical art?

          A. decorative and uses diagonals to show emotions

          B. inspired by ancient Greece and Rome

          C. portrayal of Roman history

          D. all of the above
• 3. He is a known neo-classical artist who painted The Death of marat, Napoleon and Oath of Horatti?

        A. Jacques-Louis David                            C. Bertel Thorvaldsen

        B.Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres      D. Antonio Canova
• 4. Which of the following sculptures was created by Bertel Thorvaldsen?

       A. Christ                                      C. Washington

        B. Lion of Lucerne                   D. Psyche Awakened by Cupids’s Kiss
• 5. Which of the following is not a product of neoclassical architecture?

        A. Paris Opera House                C. Le Madeline de Paris       

        B. White House                            D. Strawberry Hill, London
• Romantic Art - THE PAINTINGS OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD FOCUS ON EMOTION. ARTISTS EXPRESSED AS MUCH FEELING AND PASSION AS IT COULD BE ON TO A CANVAS.
• ROMANTICISM ART began in the same era but the approach had to do with the modern or new rather than the traditional.
• THE RAFT OF THE MEDUSA (T. GÉRICAULT) - portrays the victims of a contemporary shipwreck. The people on this raft were  French emigrants en route to West Africa. The lifeboats were seized by the crew, while the colonists  (who numbered  over a hundred) were abandoned on a makeshift raft with little water or food; only fifteen survived the wait for a rescue ship.
• JEAN LOUIS THÉODORE GÉRICAULT (1791-1824) France

  • The first French master and the leader of the French realistic school
  • His masterpieces are energetic, powerful, brilliantly colored, and tightly composed.
• THE CHARGING CHASSEUR (T. GERICAULT) - His first major work revealed the influence of the style of reubens and an interest in the depiction of contemporary subject matter.
• INSANE WOMAN (T. GERICAULT) - One of the several portraits Gericault made of the mentally disabled that has a peculiar hypnotic power.
• EUGENE DELACROIX - He was considered the greatest French Romantic painter of all.

  • Achieved brilliant visual effects using small, adjacent strokes of contrasting color.
  • The most influential to most of Romantic painters and eventually, his technique was adopted and extended by the impressionist artists.
• LIBERTY LEADING THE PEOPLE (E. DELACROIX) - Commemorates the July Revolution of 1830, which toppled King Charles X of France. A woman holding the flag of French Revolution personifies Liberty and leads the people forward over the bodies of the fallen.
• FRANCISCO GOYA (1746 – 1828) SPAIN: is a commissioned Romantic painter by the King of Spain. He is also a printmaker regarded both as the last of the “Old Masters” and the first of the “moderns”.
• THIRD OF MAY (F. GOYA) - This masterpiece sought to commemorate Spanish Resistance to Napoleon’s armies during the occupation of 1808 in the Peninsular War
• SATURN DEVOURING HIS SON (F. GOYA) - The artwork depicts a The myth of the Titan Cronus (Saturn), who fears that he would be overthrown by one of his children, so he ate each one upon their birth
• THE BURIAL OF SARDINE (F. GOYA) - It was a Spanish ceremony celebrated  on Ash Wednesday and was symbolical burial of the past to allow society to reborn, transformed with new vigor.