ENGLISH

• Poetry pays attention to rhyme and rhythm, uses a limited number of words, and presents ideas in lines grouped into stanzas
• Prose, on the other hand, does not focus on rhyme and rhythm, has no word limit, presents ideas in sentences grouped into paragraphs, and uses more natural and grammatical language
• Kinds of prose include non-fictional prose (true stories or factual narratives), fictional prose (literary works of fiction like short stories and novels), heroic prose (meant to be recited, like myths and legends), and prose poetry (poetry in prose form with rhythm and rhyme)
• Sound devices in poetry include repetition, alliteration, assonance, consonance, rhyme (end and internal), onomatopoeia, rhythm, and metre
• Metre in poetry is identified through the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables, measured in metrical feet, with examples like iamb, trochee, spondee, and dactyl
• Poetic Devices:

  • Line break: end of one line of a poem and the beginning of a new line, setting the rhythm of the poem and creating pauses for effect
  • Imagery: appeals to senses like auditory, gustatory, kinetic, olfactory, tactile, and visual to create mental pictures or sensations
  • Symbol: a thing, image, or motif that possesses meaning beyond its literal sense, standing for something else
  • Personification: giving human qualities to non-human entities
  • Hyperbole: over-exaggeration for humor or emphasis
• Allusion: mentioning characters from history, literature, or other fields outside the text

  • Apostrophe: directly addressing someone or something not present in reality
  • Oxymoron: placing two opposite words side by side for a rhetorical effect
  • Metaphor: indirect comparison between two unlike things
  • Simile: direct comparison between unlike things using like or as
• Character Sketch:

  1. Introduction: describe the circumstance of meeting the person being sketched

  2. Body: include physical description, personality traits, and interactions with others

  3. Conclusion: reconnect the person being sketched to the reader