21st

• Characteristics of Pre-Spanish Literature:

  • Folk tales: stories about life, adventure, love, horror, and humor where lessons can be derived, e.g., "The Moon and the Sun"
  • The epic age: long narrative poems dealing with heroic achievements or events of a hero
  • Folk songs: one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature, reflecting early culture, with examples like kundiman, kumintang, ang dalit, ang oyayi, diana, soliraning, and talindaw
• Robert Frost's view on poetry: "Poetry is when an emotion has found its thought and the thought has found words," expressing emotions and ideas creatively
• Poetry:

  • Poetry is the most compact form of literature, conveying ideas, feelings, rhythm, and sound through carefully chosen words
  • It allows people to express their emotions and ideas in a creative way
• Prose:

  • Prose is any writing without a metrical structure and rhythmical pattern like poetry
  • It is composed of sentences and paragraphs instead of lines and stanzas
  • Prose is divided into fiction (made-up stories) and nonfiction (dealing with real people, places, and events)
• Spanish Period (1566-1871):

  • Spanish influences on Philippine literature included replacing the first Filipino alphabet, ALIBATA, with the Roman alphabet
  • Teaching of the Christian doctrine became the basis of religious practices
  • European legends and traditions assimilated into Filipino songs, corridos, and moro-moros
• Period of Enlightenment (1872-1898):

  • Filipino intellectuals called ilustrados began writing about the impact of colonization
  • The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896) was led by middle-class intellectuals like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, and others
• American Regime (1898-1944):

  • Americans influenced Filipino writers to use the English language
  • Characteristics of literature during this period included using Spanish, Tagalog, and regional dialects
• Japanese Period (1941-1945):

  • Philippine literature in English halted during the Japanese occupation
  • Common themes in poems during this period were nationalism, country, love, life in the barrios, faith, religion, and the arts
• Period of Activism (1970-1972):

  • Youth activism was due to domestic and worldwide causes
  • The youth demanded reforms, leading to demonstrations and expressions in literature
• Period of the New Society (1972-1980):

  • Carlos Palanca Awards continued, poems focused on native culture, customs, and nature
  • Newspapers evolved in reporting economic progress, culture, tourism, and sensationalized events
• Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985):

  • Martial rule was lifted, leading to romantic and revolutionary poems
  • Filipino songs reflected themes of grief, poverty, freedom aspirations, and love
• Post-EDSA 1 Revolution (1986-1995):

  • People regained independence through People Power in 1986
  • Changes were evident in Filipino songs, newspapers, speeches, and television programs
• 21st Century Period:

  • New trends meet the needs of the new generation, demanding ICT skills in writing
  • New codes or lingos are used to add flavor to literary pieces
• PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE

  (1565)
• Folk songs. These are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in the pre-spanish period. These songs mirrored the early forms of culture.

  Many of these have 12 syllables. Examples of which are kundiman, kumintang o tagumpay, ang dalit o imno, ang oyayi o hele, diana, soliraning and talindaw
• Folk songs it manifests the artistic feelings of the filipinos and shows their innate appreciation for and love of beauty. The examples are leron-leron sinta, pamulinawen, dandansoy, sarong banggi, and atin cu pung sing sing.
• literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and secular prose and poetry.
• ACCORDING TO ROBERT FROST, A PROMINENT AMERICAN POET,

  "POETRY IS WHEN AN EMOTION HAS FOUND ITS THOUGHT AND THE THOUGHT HAS FOUND WORDS." IT IS THROUGH POETRY THAT PEOPLE GET TO EXPRESS THEIR EMOTIONS AND IDEAS IN A CREATIVE WAY
• POETRY IS THE MOST COMPACT FORM OF LITERATURE. THE IDEAS, FEELINGS, RHYTHM, AND SOUND ARE PACKED INTO CAREFULLY CHOSEN WORDS, WORKING TO CONVEY MEANING TO THE READERS.
• PROSE IS ANY WRITING THAT DOES NOT HAVE A METRICAL STRUCTURE AND RHYTHMICAL PATTERN LIKE POETRY. IT IS COMPOSED OF SENTENCES AND PARAGRAPHS INSTEAD OF LINES AND STANZAS.
• PROSE IS DIVIDED INTO TWO: FICTION AND NONFICTION.
• FICTION IS A STORY THAT IS MADE UP OR INVENTED BY AN AUTHOR.
• NONFICTION DEALS WITH REAL PEOPLE, PLACES, AND EVENTS.
• SPANISH

  PERIOD(1566- 1871)
• Recreational plays there were many recreational plays performed by filipinos during the spanish times. Almost all of them were in a poetic form such cenaculo, panunuluyan, salubong and zarzuela.
• PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT

  (1972- 1898)
• THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

  (1872-1896) - this movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle-class like JOSE RIZAL, MARCELO DEL PILAR;

  GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA, ANTONIO LUNA, MARIANO PONCE, JOSE MA.

  PANGANIBAN, and PEDRO PATERNO.
• Some of Rizal's writings: Noli Me Tangere, Mi Ultimo Adios, Sobre La ndolencia Delos Filipinos and Filipinas Dentro De Cien Años
• Some of Del Pilar's writings: Pagibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of Country), aingat Kayo (Be Careful), and Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Jokes).
• Some of Jaena's writings: Ang Fray Botod, La Hija Del Fraile (The Child of he Friar), and Everything Is Hambug (Everything is mere show), Sa Mga ilipino...1891), and Talumpating Pagunita Kay Kolumbus (An Oration to commemorate Columbus).
• American Regime(1898-1944)
• Linguistically, americans influenced filipino writers to write using english language.

  JOSE GARCIA VILLA became famous for his free verse.
• THE JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)
• Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when another foreign country,

  Japan, conquered the Philippines between1941-1945. Philippine literature in English came to a halt. This led to all newspapers not to be circulated in the community except for TRIBUNE and PHILIPPINE REVIEW.
• Three types of poems emerged during this period:

  • Haiku, a poem of free verse that the Japanese like. I was made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines and
  • Tanaga - like the Haiku, is short, but it had measure and rhyme.
  • Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)
• PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-1972)
• • According to Pociano Pineda, youth activism in 1970-72 was due to domestic and worldwide causes.
• PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY

  (1972- 1980)
• The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972. The Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards. Poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs, and the beauties of nature and surroundings. Newspapers donned new forms.
• Filipinos before were hooked in reading magazines and comics.