Science - Working In The Laboratory

• What is the ! HAZCHEM Symbol for?

  Caution/harmful or Moderate Health Hazard: An immediate skin, eye, or respiratory tract irritant or narcotic.
• What is the skull HAZCHEM Symbol?


  Toxic.
• What is the hand and chemical pouring HAZCHEM Symbol?

  Corrosive: Identifies materials that causes skin corrosion/burns or eye damage on contact or that are corrosive to metals.
• What is the Flame with line HAZCHEM Symbol?


  Flammable: Flammable materials or substances that can self ignite when exposed to water or air or which emit from flammable gas.
• What is the fire on a circle HAZCHEM Symbol?


  Oxidising or Oxidant: Identifies oxidisers. Oxidisers are chemicals that facilitate burning or make fires hotter and last longer.
• What is the dead fish and tree HAZCHEM Symbol?

  Eco-toxic or Environmental Hazard: Chemicals toxic to aquatic wildlife.
• What is an observation?

  Observations are made using one or more sense to gather information. Sometimes technological devices like microscopes are used to help. Thoughtful observations are a clear and detailed description and it takes practise. They can either be quantitative or qualitative.
• What is a qualitative observation?


  Observations that involve descriptions that cannot be expressed with numbers, such as the grape was sour or the grass is green.
• What is a quantitative observation?


  Numerical data. Meaning it involves numbers, measurement or amounts. For example the room is 24℃ or I am 160cm tall.
• What is the difference between an observation and inference?


  Observations are usually always true (fact based) whereas inferences aren't always true (made off of an observation).
• What is an inference?


  When you explain an observation you are inferring or making an inference. Inferences are based on reasoning from what you already know. For example because when you come out of the movie theatre and the street is wet you infer that it must have been raining during the time the movie was playing.
• What is a fair test?


  An investigation where all the variables are controlled except for one (the independent variable), usually to answer a scientific question.
• What is an independant variable?


  The variable that is changed in the experiment (only one independant variable in an investigation).
• What is a dependant variable?


  The variable that is measured or observed throughout an experiment (only one dependant variable in an investigation).
• What is a control/controlled variable?


  Variables that are kept the same or constant throughout an investigation (at least 3 control variables per experiment). A controlled variable is what you keep the same in each trial in order for the experiment to be fair.
• What are the 3 types of graphs commonly used to display data in science?

  Pie chart, line graph and bar graph.
• What does CUTLASS stand for?

  Crosses, units, title, label, axis, size, scale.
• What are the rules to drawing a scientific diagram?

  All lines should be ruled including label lines. Make diagrams large. Don't use shading. Use sharp pencil. Should be drawn 2D. All labels are to be written horizontally. Don't connect openings on diagrams leave them open.
• What should a fair test inclue?

  Aim, method, hypothesis, observation, results, conclusion.
• What is the HAZCHEM Symbol for the person with aura in their body called?

  Long-Term Health Hazard or Health Hazard: A substance that causes damage overtime.
• What is an aim?

  A brief statement or purpose of the experiement.
• What is a method?


  Step-by-step instructions/description of how the experiment is carried out.
• What is a hypothesis?

  An educated guess on what you think the results of an experiment will be (doesn't have to be correct).
• What are results?

  The outcome of your experiment usually displayed by a graph, table, or representation, etc.
• What is a conclusion?

  Summary of your results.
• What are the steps/rules to drawing a line graph?

  CUTLASS, sharp pencil, dependant variable on y axis, independent variable on the x axis, plot data using X's, identify outliers using a circle, don't connect trend line to 0 unless there is data plotted there, must cover at least 80% of page, trend line is straight or curved and doesn't connect to outlier.
• Beaker


  To heat above bunsen flame and hold liquid
• Funnel


  To pour liquids from big container to small one
• What is a test tube rack for?


  To hold more than 1 test tubes.
• What is a conical flask for?


  Mixing chemicals and preventing spills.
• What is a measuring cylinder for?


  Measure precise volumes of liquid in mL.
• What is a gauze mat for?


  Evenly distributes heat from the bunsen burner.
• What is a tri-pod used for?


  Support glassware above bunsen burner.
• Test tube


  To hold chemicals when conducting experiment
• Bunsen burner

  Heat liquids
• Pipette/dropper


  Add liquids drop-by-drop
• Test tube holder


  Used to hold test tube when heating over bunsen burner
• Scissor tongs


  Hold various things over bunsen flame
• Heatproof mat


  To prevent damage on work surface
• What are the parts of a bunsen burner?

  Base, gas hose/inlet, barrel, air vent/hole, collar, barrel mouth/nozzle and flame.