SCIENCE 1

• The carbohydrate monomer is a monosaccharide
• Lipid monomers are glycerol and fatty acids
• The protein monomer is an amino acid
• The nucleic acid monomer is a nucleotide
• Carbohydrate – energy source
• Lipid – insulation
• Protein – grow and develop muscle
• Nucleic acid – coding for traits
• Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
• BIOMOLECULES are the most essential organic molecules involved in living organisms' maintenance and metabolic processes
• BIOMOLECULES range from small molecules such as primary and secondary metabolites and hormones to large macromolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids
• MONOMER is the smallest functioning unit of a biomolecule
• Put two monomers together, and you get a dimer
• Once several monomers are put together, we get a polymer
• Carbohydrates are molecules mostly composed of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)
• Mono-


  Means ONE
• Di-


  Means TWO
• Poly-


  Means MANY
• Carbohydrates


  Molecules mostly composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)
• Carbohydrates


  Chemically defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or compounds which produce them on hydrolysis
• Carbohydrates are collectively called as saccharides (Greek: sakcharon = sugar)
• Groups of Carbohydrates


  • Monosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
• Monosaccharides


  • Simple sugars, frequently named using the suffix -ose, basic building block of large carbohydrate molecules, used as a reactant in cellular respiration
• Monosaccharides


  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Galactose
• Disaccharides


  • Molecules formed by two monosaccharides or simple sugars
• Polysaccharides


  • Polymeric carbohydrate structures formed of repeating units of mono or disaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds
• Polysaccharides


  • Starch
  • Cellulose
  • Glycogen
• Polysaccharides are considered as polymers because they are formed of repeating units of mono or disaccharides joined together
• Lipids


  Refers to a wide variety of biomolecules including fats, oils, waxes, and steroid hormones
• Lipids


  Do not dissolve in water; they are hydrophobic
• Lipids


  Monomer - glycerol and fatty acid
• Lipids are polymers of fatty acids
• Triglyceride is the most common type of fat found in our body
• Lipids are composed of elements that do not dissolve in water and are hydrophobic
• Functions of Lipids


  • Storing Energy, Waterproof barriers, Chemical messengers, Insulation
• The unique characteristic of lipids is that they do not dissolve in water
• The monomers of lipids are glycerol and fatty acids
• Lipids


  • Hydrophobic
  • Monomer – glycerol and fatty acid
  • Long term energy storage
  • Waterproof barriers (cell membrane)
  • Chemical messengers (formation of hormones)
  • Insulation (conserving body temperature & protecting internal parts of the body)
• Lipids are composed of fatty acid ester and alcohol (glycerol)
• Lipids are derived from both simple and compound lipids