ethnicity

• EXTERNAL 1. material deprivation

  pakistani and bengali ellegible to FSM many face low standards of housing, employment+ income british in the middle alothough w/c underachieve - chinese and indian m/c economic capital no FSM

  AO3 - compensatory education intro helps disadvantaged and fails to explain chinese and indian achievement when low income
• EXTERNAL 2. cultural deprivation

  gypsys less regard of education not valuing the system as its not important for their own goals - chiense and indian place high value on educayion and are strict

  AO3 - not that gypsys dont value education they feel discrimination so leave early
• EXTERNAL 3. family structure

  black boys do less well than girls as lack male role - female single family so its hard. STRAND - black parents and pupils dont have 'bad culture' have positive atttitude to school

  asian stop girls achieving as more controlled extended family = more role models + strict parents = achieve
• EXTERNAL 4. language barrier

  some pakistani and bengalis dont speak english at home -EAL barrier as cant understand teachers or write english - parents evening hard to use elaborated code
• EXTERNAL 5. discrimination in wider society

  racism in society led to certain ethnic groups experience poverty, unemployment so low aspirations like pakistani leading to anti school subculture

  some ethnics have high professional careers and done suffer same level of racism - some argue discrimination policies reduced it
• INTERNAL 1. labelling and SFP

  racial stereotypes influence teacher labelling

  assume black pupils are distruptive 'anti black unconscious bias' lowers expectation

  SA pupils look passive and left out with low self esteem - misallocation of sets

  AO3 - not all labels SFP
• INTERNAL 2. ethnocentric curriculum

  focus on british culture may make ethnic groups left out or uncomfortable

  AO3 - doesnt explain low achievement of white - asian cultures ignored but still achieve
• INTERNAL 3. institutionalised racism and anti black


  racism against black pupils
• INTERNAL 4. marketisation

  run schools like a business may disadvantage pakistani and bengali who may not understand how it works - lack capital but chinese and indian tend to be m/c and high advantage
• INTERNAL 5. pupil subculture (4 types)

  1. rebels - reject rules of school, anti authority 'black macho lads' HOWEVER only a small no of boys rebel
  2. conformist - want to do well accepting school goals and make friends with ethnic groups
  3. retreatists - isolated individual 'loners'
  4. innovator - pro education anti school value success but remain cool with friends
• INTERNAL 5. pupil subculture (4 types) AO3

  black sisters study - group of black girls who were anti school but pro education despite their subculture they still highly achieved