STS MIDDLE AGES

• BULLET - CHINESE INVENTS GUNPOWDER AND FIRE WORKSS
• PRINTING - JOHANNES GUTENBERG PIONEERS THE PRINTING PRESS
• SATELLITE NAVIGATION - GERADUS MERCATOR HELPS TO REVOLUTIONIZE NAVIGATION
• MICROSCOPE - A DUTCH SPECTACLE MAKER NAMED ZACHARIAS JANSSEN MAKES THE FIRST COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
• THERMOMETER - GALILEO GALILEI DESIGNS A BASIC THERMOMETER
• SPACE TELESCOPES - GALILEO GALILEI BUILDS A PRACTICAL TELESCOPE AND MAKES A NEW ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES
• MICROSCOPE - ANTONI VAN LEEUWENHOEK AND ROBERT HOOKE INDEPENDENTLY DEVELOP A MICROSCOPE
• BAROMETER - GALILEO GALILEI PUPIL EVANGELISTA TORRICELLI BUILDS THE FISRT MERCURY BAROMENTER FOR MEASURING AIR PRESSURE
• MOTION - ISAAC NEWTON FORMULATES HIS THREE LAWS OF MOTION
• Tractors - Jethro Tull begins the mechanization of agriculture by inventing the horses drawn seed drill
• Computers - Gottfried leibniz pioneers the binary number system now used in virtually all computers
• SPEECH SYNTHESIZERS - WOLFGANG VON KEMPELEN DEVELOPS A MECHANICAL SPEAKING MACHINE, THE WORLD'S FIRST SYNTHESIZER MACHINE
• BRIDGES - ABRAHAM DARBY III BUILDS A PIONEERING IRON BRIDGES AT A PLACE NOW CALLED IRON BRIDGE ENGLAND
• PYROMETER - EVERETT F MORSE INVENTS THE PYROMETER
• BATTERIES - ITALIAN ALESSANDRO VOLTA MAKES THE FIRST BATTERY (KNOWN AS VOLTAIC PILE)
• JOSEPH MARIE JACQUARD - INVENTS THE AUTOMATED CLOTHWEAVING LOOM. THE PUNCHED CARDS IT USES STORE PATTERNS HELP TO INSPIRE PROGAMMABLE COMPUTERS.
• PAPER - HENRY AND SEALYY FOURDRINIER DEVELOP PAPERMAKING MACHINE
• ELECTROLYZERS - HUMPHRY DAVY DEVELOPS ELECTROLYSIS INTO AN IMPORTANT CHEMICAL TECHNIQUE AND USES IT TO IDENTIFY A NUMBER OF NEW ELEMENTS
• PHOTOGRAPHY - JOSEPH NIEPCE MAKES THE FIRST MODERN PHOTOGRAPH
• WILLIAM HENRY FOX TALBOT DEVELOPS A WAY OF MAKING AND PRINTING PHOTOGRAPHS USING REVERRSE IMAGES CALLED NEGATIVE
• RUBBER - CHARLES GOODYEAR FINALLY PERFECTS A DURABLE FORM OF RUBBER (VULCANIZED RUBBER)
• ENERGY, GREAT PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS - SCOTTISH PHYSICIST JAMES PRESCOTT JOULE OUTLINES THE THEORY OF THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
• FAX MACHINES - SCOTSMAN ALEXANDER BAAIN INVENTS A PRIMITIVE FAX MACHINE BASED ON CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
• TURRBINES, WATER - JAMES FRANCIS INVENTS A WATER TURBINE NOW USED IN MANY OF THE WORLD'S HYDROPOWER PLANTS
• IRON AND STEEL - HENRY BESSEMER PIONEERS A NEW METHOD OF MAKING STEEL IN LARGE QUANTITIES
• PASTEURIZATION - LOUIS PASTEUR DEVELOPS PASTEUIZATION, A WAY OF PRESERVING A FOOD BY HEATING IT TO KILL OF BACTERIA
• CAR ENGINES - FRENCHMAN ETIENNE LENOIR AND GERMAN NIKOLAUS OTTO PIONEER THE INTERNAL COMBUSTIION ENGINE
• RADIO - JAMES CLARK MAXWELL DISCOVERED THAT RADIO WAVES MUST EXIST AND SETS A BASIC LAWS OF ELECTROMAGNETISM
• ELEVATORS - ELISHA GRAVES OTIS INVENTS THE ELEVATOR WITH BUILT IN SAFETY BRAKE.
• REINFORCED CONCRETES - JOSEPH MONIER INVENTS REINFORCED CONCRETE
• TYPE WRITERS - CHRISTOPHER LATHAM SHOLES INVENTS THE MODERN TYPE WRITER AND QWERTY KEYBOARD
• CD PLAYERS - THOMAS EDISON DEVELOPS PHONOGRAPH THE FIRST PRACTICAL METHOD OF RECORDING AND PLAYING BACK SOUND ON METAL FOIL.
• TELEPHONES - ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL PATENTS THE TELEPHONE
• RECORD PLAYERS, SOUND - THOMAS EDISON INVENTS HIS SOUND RECORIDING MACHINE OR PHONOGRAPH - A FORERUNNER OF THE RECORD PLAYER AND CD PLAYER
• FLARES - EDWARD VERY INVENTS THE FLARE GUN FOR SENDING DISTRESS FLARES AT SEA
• INCANDESCENT LAMPS - THOMAS EDISON PATENTS THE MODERN INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS
• POWER PLANTS - THOMAS EDISON OPENS THE WORLD'S FIRST POWER PLANTS
• AUTOCLAVES - CHARLES CHAMBERLAND INVENTS THE AUTOCLAVE
• COPPER - CARRIE EVERSON INVENTS NEW WAYS OF MINING SILVER, GOLD AND COPPER
• DIGITAL CAMERA, PLASTICS - GEORGE EASTMAN INVENTS PLASTIC PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM