HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

• ANATOMY

  -the scientific discipline that investigates the body's structure.
• The word ANATOMY means to dissect, or cut apart and separate the parts of the body for study
• TWO BASIC APPROACHES TO STUDY ANATOMY: -SYSTEMIC -REGIONAL
• SYSTEMIC - study of the body by systems.
• ANATOMISTS HAVE TWO GENERAL WAYS TO EXAMINE THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A LIVING PERSON -SURFACE ANATOMY -ANATOMICAL IMAGING
• SURFACE ANATOMY

  -is the study of external feature, such as bony projections, which serve as a landmarks for locating deeper structures.
• REGIONAL- is the study of the organization of the body by areas
• SUBDIVISION OF HUMAN ANATOMY:

  GROSS MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY(BIG)

  MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY(SMALL)

  DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY

  PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY
• GROSS MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY

  -no need to study certain structure.

  -study of structures observed with the naked eye, without using any instruments or gadget to aid in our observation.
• MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY

  -study of structures observed with the aid of a microscope or other similar devices and or equipment that aid to magnify very small things, which the naked eye may not see.
• HISTOLOGY

  • is the study of tissues
• CYTOLOGY

  • is the study of cells
• DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY

  • is the study of structural changes from conception in the mother's womb to birth
• EMBRYOLOGY

  • Study of development changes of the body before birth
• PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY

  • study of diseases.
  • study of structural changes caused by diseases or. other illness states.
• PHYSIOLOGY

  • is the scientific invectigation of the processes or functions of living things.
• THE MAJOR GOALS OF PHYSIOLOGY are:

  1. To understand & predict the body's responses to stimuli and
  2. To understand how the body maintains conditions within a narrow range of values in the presence of a continually changing environment
• SIX(6) STRUCTURAL LEVELS

  • CHEMICAL LEVEL
  • CELLULAR LEVEL
  • TISSUE LEVEL
  • ORGAN LEVEL
  • ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL
  • ORGANISM LEVEL
• CHEMICAL LEVEL

  • The smallest level
  • involves interactions between atoms, & combine to form molecules
• CELLULAR LEVEL

  • Cells are the bacic structural and functional units of organism.
  • molecules can combine to form organelles.
• ANATOMY

  • The study of the human body's structure.
• PHYSIOLOGY

  • the study of the human body's function
• TISSUE LEVEL

  • Two or more cells working together Function. to carry out a specific
  • is a group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them.
• ORGAN LEVEL

  • composed of two or more tissue types that perform one or more common functions.
• ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL

  • is composed of two or more organs working together to carry out a broad function.
• ORGANISM LEVEL

  • Function together to make up the human body an Organism.
• SIX(6) CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE:

  1. ORGANIZATION
  2. METABOLISM
  3. RESPONSIVENESS
  4. GROWTH
  5. DEVELOPMENT
  6. REPRODUCTION
• ORGANIZATION

  • refers to the specific interrelationships among the parts of an organism & how those parts interact to perform specific functions.
• METABOLISM

  • the ability to use energy to perform vital functions such as growth, movement, and reproduction.
• RESPONSIVENESS

  • All living organism should be able to respond to environmental changes known as "stimuli".
  • the ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make the adjustments that help maintain its life.
• GROWTH

  • refers to an increase size of all organism Or result From on increase in cell number, cell size or the amount of subctance surrounding cells.
• DEVELOPMENT

  • includes the changes on organism undergoes throug time. - developmental changer occur before birth.
• REPRODUCTION

  • is the formation of new cells or new organisms.
• Hypertrophy - increase in cell number
• Hyperplasia - increase in cell size
• HOMEOSTASIS

  • is the existence and maintain of a relatively constant environment within the body.
  • the balance of our body
• HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCE

  • a disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease
• NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

  • any deviation from set point is made or is resiste.
• NEGATIVE FEEDBACK THREE(3) COMPONENTS:

  1. RECEPTOR
  2. CONTROL CENTER
  3. EFFECTOR
• RECEPTOR

  • Responds to changes in the environment (stimuli)
  • Send information to control center