ions

• When an atom loses the electron from the outer shell, it becomes a positively charged ion.
• To fill the outermost electron shell, a chlorine atom gains an electron and forms a chlorine ion.
• Ions can be positive (cations) or negative (anions).
• Cations are formed when atoms lose one or more electrons, while anions are formed when atoms gain one or more electrons.
• In ionic bond, there is an attraction between the positively charged ion and the negatively charged ion.
• In ionic bonding, one atom donate electrons to the other.
• Atoms with more than eight valence electrons tend to gain electrons to achieve stability.
• Ionic bond is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
• In covalent bonding, the two atoms share one electron.