P.E 2

• Sports is a form of physical activity that requires ability and skills to compete withh another individual or a team
• Purpose of sports: As recreation or habit, Physical fitness, Career (Callo & Dajime, 2016)
• Individual sports mean those sports practices or disciplines that do not require accompaniment
• Benefits of Individual Sports: Mental toughness, Competitive mindset, Develop self-esteem and confidence, Relaxation, Optimism
• Mental toughness is developed through a willingness to do the hard work, combined with the optimism to believe you can achieve your goals
• Optimism is the power to visualize and believe in your ability to reach your goal
• Dual sports is a type of sports that are played by two people playing against each other
• advantages of dual sports: delegation, teamwork, and coordination , muscular strength , tactical strategy , deep relationship with the teammate
• A team sport includes any sport where individuals are organized into opposing teams which compete to win
• Benefits of team sports: Physical, Emotional, Social, Academic
• Team sports can improve communication skills, decisive action, team work, time management, and build self-Esteem and a sense of community
• Stress management refers to the environmental, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral techniques
• Lifestyle stress is the need of an sportsman economically stable base.
• Economic stress is something we can rarely control, but we can adjust other aspects of our lives
• Training Stress (Training must be progressive, and very gradually progressive at that)
• Competition Stress (Since competition is at the heart of sport, one would never say ‘avoid competition’, but I would say ‘select competition’)
• Everyday Stress is a more ordinary level, one can use the concept of ‘total stress load’ to control one’s day-to-day health and fitness
• Chess is one of the oldest and most popular board games, played by two opponents on a checkerboard
• In chess, white moves first
• Chess first appeared in India about the 6 th century AD and by the 10th century had spread from Asia to the Middle East and Europe
• Since at least the 15th century, chess has been known as the “royal game”
• Rules and set design slowly evolved until both reached today’s standard in the early 19th century.
• First appeared in India around the 6th century, at that time it would have the name of Chaturanga.
• The pawns on the chessboard represent serfs, or laborers
• The castle piece on a chessboard is the home, or the refuge, just as it was a home in medieval times.
• The knight on a chessboard represents the professional soldier of medieval times, whose job it was to protect persons of rank
• There is a bishop in the game of chess, who represents the church
• The queen is the only piece on the board during a chess game that represents a woman, and she is the most powerful piece of the game
• The king is the tallest piece on the board, and is as well defended on the chessboard as in medieval life
• Chess consists of 64 small squares
• the eight lines running upwards are successively designated by the numbers and the eight rows running from left to right are successively designated by the letters
• The goal of every chess game is to checkmate the opponent’s king
• When you stalemate the opponent, the game ends in a draw
• Another possible end of a chess game is when a player offers a draw after his or her move
• Time: If you want to play in chess tournaments, you usually play with a chess clock.
• “En Passant” (in passing) rule, castling, or promoting pawns