CAL PRELIM

• The relation of self and other is one of the most basic theories of human consciousness and identity, claiming that the existence of an other allows the recognition of a self
• Self is considered just one part of someone's overall sense of identity, referring to how we describe or present ourselves to others, while identity is composed of deepest feelings, dreams, desires, and values
• The self and the other are two sides of the same coin, with the self being who we are as individuals and the other encompassing everything else in the world
• The self is made up of three main parts that allow for its function: Self-knowledge, the interpersonal self, and the agent self
• Self-knowledge involves understanding one's own capabilities, character, feelings, or motivations
• The interpersonal self is tied to relational and social contexts, expressed when in the presence of others, in self-presentation, social roles, and reputation
• Different types of interpersonal relationships include connections with partners, loved ones, friends, acquaintances, co-workers, shaping our identity through interactions with others
• Culture plays a significant role in shaping the concept of self, influencing how individuals perceive themselves and their relationships with others
• The belief in free will, a component of self-control, is influenced by cultural context, impacting autonomy and communication style
• The self and the other are two distinct individuating identities, with the self defining who we are as individuals and the other encompassing everything else in the world
• A healthy relationship with oneself can improve mental health, connections, and work productivity
• Defining the line between self and the other may be awkward at first but can lead to attending to one's needs and becoming more predictable to others, enhancing relationships
• Society and individuals are interconnected, with society existing to serve individuals, not the other way around
• Loving oneself involves prioritizing oneself, forgiving, and being content, while loving others entails affection, care, physical closeness, support, and expressions of love
• Knowing oneself is vital for human existence, connecting to understanding others and successful interactions
• Being self-aware enhances self-development, acceptance, proactivity, confidence, decision-making, relationships, and honesty
• Understanding others helps predict feelings and reactions, aiding in making sense of behaviors and reactions in different situations
• Social self involves relationship building, empathizing, and communicating, impacting mental wellbeing and life goal achievement
• Maintaining self-identity in the context of social self strengthens character, confidence, and uniqueness
• Reflection allows a deeper understanding of values and beliefs, aligning actions with authentic selves and living a meaningful life
• Self-reflection allows us to gain a deeper understanding of our values and beliefs, discern what truly matters to us, and align our actions with our authentic selves
• Self-reflection is essential for personal growth and self-awareness, enabling clarity about desires, passions, goals, and values
• Engaging in self-reflection leads to self-discovery, uncovering hidden talents, untapped potential, and undiscovered passions
• Developing a habit of self-reflection requires intention, commitment, and a genuine desire for personal growth
• Tips to improve relationships and get along better with others:

  • Listen to others
  • Be polite and positive
  • Be honest and sincere
  • Allow yourself to be vulnerable
• In relationships, address small issues as they arise to prevent them from escalating
• Follow the Platinum Rule: treat others as they would want to be treated, based on what's important to them
• Final reflection on the relationship of self and others:

  • We only see a portion of the self of others because most people wear a mask
  • Use others not for our due advantage but for mutual benefit
  • Focus on humanity as a subject rather than an object where respect flows
  • No one is born perfect, but striving for balance and appreciation of creation is essential
  • Being good in all facets of life is a personal mission, but putting effort into the welfare of others is a constant struggle
• Society is defined as 'a group of people who live in a definable community and share the same culture'
• The main characteristics of society are shared norms, values, and beliefs
• An operational definition of society is a grouping of individuals characterized by common interest and may have distinctive culture and institutions
• Society may be defined as the permanent union of men who are united by modes of behavior demanded by some common end, value, or interest
• A society is differentiated from a community by being a larger, more encompassing entity involving multiple communities, encompassing a broader geographical, cultural, and social scope
• Culture represents the beliefs and practices of a group, while society represents the people who share those beliefs and practices
• The relationship between self, society, and culture is complex and multifaceted, with each influencing and shaping the others
• The self is a product of society as it emerges from social and symbolic interaction, influenced by social forces and factors
• Culture influences personality traits and how they are displayed, impacting values like humility, self-esteem, politeness, and assertiveness
• Characteristics of a society include shared norms, values, and beliefs, reciprocity between citizens, and the ability to cooperate and create laws for the benefit of all
• The four key characteristics of modernity are the rise of science and rational thought, individualism, industrialization, and urbanization
• Four key characteristics of modernity are the rise of science and rational thought, individualism, industrialization, and urbanization