AUBF M4 Lab

• Urinalysis: diagnostic examination that involves analyzing the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine to gain insights into an individua’s health
• Urinalysis: non-invasive and valuable tool used by healthcare professionals to assess, and monitor various aspects of the body’s function, particularly those related to the kidneys and other organs involved in urine production and excretion
• Urinalysis: the composition of urine provides a window into the body’s metabolic processes, revealing information about hydration levels, kidney function, and the presence of abnormal substances or potential health issues
• Urinalysis: comprises three primary component - physical, chemical, and microscopic examination
• Physical Examination: evaluates the observable characteristics of urine — color, odor, volume, clarity, and specific gravity
• Color: terminology for describing the color of normal urine may vary slightly between laboratories but should remain consistent with each specific laboratory
• Urochrome: attributed for the yellow hue in the urine
• Thudichum: coined the word “urochrome” in 1864
• Urochrome levels: increase when left in room temperature
• Urochrome: byproduct endogenous metabolism; under typical circumstances, the body produces it at a consistent rate
• Urochrome: observed in individuals with elevated levels in thyroid conditions and/or during fasting
• Clarity: describing the transparency or cloudiness of a urine sample
• Clarity: should be in a transparent container, and observed against a white backgound with printed markings under an adequate light source
• Common urine color: pale yellow, yellow, and dark yellow
• Common terminology used to report clarity of urine: clear, hazy, cloudy, turbid, and milky
• Clear: no visible particulates/transparent
• Hazy: few particulates; print easily seen through urine
• Cloudy: many particulates; print blurred through urine
• Turbid: print cannot be seen through urine
• Milky: May precipitate or be clotted
• Urine: water that contains dissolved chemicals
• Specific Gravity: density of a solution compared with the density of a similar volume of distilled water at a similar temperature
• 1.000: SG of distilled water
• SG Correctors: Urinometer and Refractometer
• Urinometer: Temperature, Glucose, Protein
• Refractometer: Glucose and Protein
• Temperature: -/+ 0.001 for every 3 degree Celsius above/below 20 degrees Celsius
• Glucose: -0.004 per 1g/dL
• Protein: -0.003 per 1 g/dL
• Volume: may or may not be of clinical importance; timed specimen - provide valuable information about an individual’s hydration status and overall kidney function.
• 1200-1500 mL: range of Normal value of urine
• 600-2000 mL: also considered normal range of volume of urine
• Odor: noticeable but may or may not be of clinical importance; fan the scent towards your nose
• Faint aromatic: normal odor of preserved urine