Nervous System

• The nervous system coordinates and regulates feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis
• The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system involves all the nerves
• The brain is divided into three main regions: the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem
• The spinal cord transmits impulses to and from the brain and is responsible for involuntary movements like reflexes
• The peripheral nervous system carries impulses from sensory nerves to the central nervous system and from the central nervous system to motor nerves
• The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems
• The somatic nervous system regulates activities under conscious control, like muscles and external sensory receptors
• The autonomic nervous system controls internal organs and is further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
• The sympathetic nervous system is the fight-or-flight response, while the parasympathetic nervous system is the rest and digest response
• The basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron, composed of the cell body, dendrites, and axon
• Sensory neurons carry impulses from sense organs to the brain and spinal cord, motor neurons carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles
• Homeostasis is the condition where the human body system is maintained in balance despite changing external factors
• The brain is the control center of the body, comparing received information to normal values and sending messages to maintain homeostasis
• The negative feedback mechanism reduces or minimizes changes in the body to maintain stability
• The positive feedback mechanism increases the rate of processes and is rarely found in healthy individuals
• The CNS controls the entire organ system of the body.
• The CNS receives and processes information from the senses and sends information to the effectors.
• The frontal lobe is responsible for cognitive functions, voluntary movement, planning, and decision making.
• The parietal lobe is responsible for processing information of senses, spatial awareness, language comprehension, and motor planning.
• The occipital lobe is responsible for vision and is located at the back of the brain.
• The temporal lobe is responsible for hearing, memory, and language. It relates memories with senses.
• The four lobes of the brain are the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe.
• Cerebrum's functions are: consciousness, intelligence, memory, language, and voluntary movement. This also includes judgement and reasoning.
• Brain stem's functions are involuntary movements such as: breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and swallowing.
• Cerebellum's function is to coordinate voluntary movements like: balance, posture, movement, and muscle coordination.
• Corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres, allowing them to communicate. It is involved in movement control, cognitive functions, and vision
• The left hemisphere is for speech, comprehension, arithmetic, and writing.
• The right hemisphere is for creativity, spatial ability, artistic and musical skill.