HW

• Use anti-static mats and wrist straps to prevent static electricity discharge, which can damage sensitive electronic components.
• Phillips and flat-head screwdrivers are essential for securing components with screws
• Needle-nose pliers are useful for handling small components and for bending or cutting wires.
• Precision tweezers are handy for picking up and placing small components in tight spaces.
• To prevent the buildup of static electricity that can damage sensitive components, technicians often use anti-static wrist straps.
• A flashlight helps illuminate components and connections in dimly lit areas.
• Cable Ties, Used for cable management to keep wires organized and prevent tangling.
• Multimeter Measures voltage, current, and resistance, aiding in diagnosing electrical issues.
• Cable tester Verifies the functionality of various cables, such as Ethernet or power cables.
• SATA/IDE Cable Used to connect hard drives and optical drives to the motherboard.
• Thermal paste is applied between the CPU and heat sink to ensure efficient heat transfer.
• Wire Stripper Removes the insulation from wires to expose the metal conductors
• Hex Key Set Used for tightening or loosening hexagonal screws, often found in computer cases.
• Tools like hardware diagnostic software or POST (Power-On Self-Test) cards can help identify hardware issues.
• 1st Gen Used magnetic drums for primary storage
• First generation software used symbolic language for programming
• First generation Machine language programs were used by the binary forms of zeroes and ones.
• Second generation Magnetic tape was introduced and replaced the need for punched cards
• Second generation COBOL and FORTRAN programming languages were introduced
• Third Generation Integrated circuits made possible the third generation of computers as incredible numbers of transistors were deposited on a silicon chip, thus introducing the era of miniaturization and increased speed.
• Third Generation The nanosecond (one billionth of a second) became the new standard for measuring access and process time.
• Third Generation IBM’s System/360 computers and the first minicomputer by Digital Equipment Corporation were introduced.
• Third Generation Online computers and remote terminals became popular using regular telephone lines from remote locations.
• Fourth Generation The movement to the very-LSI circuits made it possible to place a complete central processing unit on one very small semiconductor chip.
• The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) began operation in 1969 with four nodes (sites) as a result of the Advanced Research Projects Agency experiment by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. This experiment expanded to 37 nodes by 1973, and in 1977, it started using the Internet protocol (IP), a universal connector of networks. By 1997, after the ARPANET was founded, the Internet counted over 20 million computers and 50 million users.
• The Department of Defense was concerned about the ability of the United States to survive a nuclear first strike and decided that research on a communication network should be supported. Paul Baran of the Rand Corporation was the principal designer and force behind the creation of this new communication system and the following features guided its development
• The definition of big data is data that contains greater variety, arriving in increasing volumes and with more velocity.
• 3V's - Volume, Velocity, Variety
• Predictive analytics encompasses a variety of statistical techniques from data mining, predictive modeling, and machine learning that analyze current and historical facts to make predictions about future or otherwise unknown events.
• cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—over the Internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale.
• The wearable interface should be small, compact, and lightweight compared to the body part where the interface will be attached.
• Mobile robotics is the industry related to creating mobile robots, which are robots that can move around in a physical environment.
• Quantum computing is the study of how to use phenomena in quantum physics to create new ways of computing. Quantum computing is made up of qubits.
• The Internet of things describes physical objects with sensors, processing ability, software, and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other communications networks
• motherboard - It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.