SOSLIT

• Emile Durkheim's Structural Functionalism:

  • Compares society to an organism (cell), a watch, or a car
• Social Function:

  • Function: malaking bahagi / parte sa lipunan (e.g., paaralan, media)
  • Latent: bunga ng mga manifest function, maaaring 'mabuti o hindi
• Social facts:

  • Batas, religious beliefs, balance/equilibrium
  • Institusyon: naiimpluwensyahan ka nito ngunit hindi mo ramdam nang diretso
• Emile Durkheim (structural Functionalism):

  • Examples: orasan, sasakyan, cell (buhay na organism)
  • Synchronization needed to achieve the part
  • Manifest: things with a significant role in society and have an effect if not achieved
  • Latent: positive effects of manifest function
• Social facts = institution - should be balanced:

  • Known things in society, effects felt when the opposite is ignored
  • Examples: law/batas, religious beliefs
• Conflict Theory (Karl Marx):

  • Presence is important
  • Social class formation
  • Power is crucial to control society
• Looking glass self (Charles Cooley):

  • Self-perception affected by how society views the individual
• Elements of Society:

  1. Tao: important element of society

  2. Teritoryo: place encompassed by a society

  3. Pamahalaan: ensures peace and order

  4. Soberanya: necessary for law enforcement and governance
• Social Structure:

  1. Institusyon: things with a significant role in society

  2. Social group: people with common interests or beliefs

  3. Status:

  • Ascribed: born into
  • Achieved: attained through effort

  4. Roles: functions: ganpanin sa karapatan
• Kultura (Culture):

  • Way of life of a person

  Types of culture:

  • Materyal: tangible or visible
  • Di-Materyal: education, customs, intangible

  Elements of culture:

  • Paniniwala (Belief): guide sa pag dedesisyon, basis of beliefs
  • Pagpapahalaga (Values): basis of right/wrong, acceptable behavior
  • Norms:
  • Folkways: unwritten but followed
  • Mors: moral actions, consequences
  • Simbolo (Symbols): assigning meaning
• Literature/Panitikan:

  • Azarias: expresses emotions, life, government, society
  • Abadilla: imaginative
  • Luz De Dios: documented and embellished events
• Mga Simbolo sa Panitikan:

  • Azarias: Nagpapahayag ng damdamin, pamumuhay, pamahalaan, lipunan
  • Abadilla: Bungang-isip
  • Luz De Dios: Pangyayaring isinatitik at pinalamutian(PANG-TITIK-AN)
• Layunin ng Panitikan:

  1. nababatid ang Sariling tatak, sariling pagkalahi

  2. nababatid ang Kalawakan, kalakasan at kahinaan ng paniniwala

  3. masasalamin ang Kasaysayan ng isang lipunan/bansa

  4. mababatid ang Kapintasan at kagalinga ng panitikan/akda

  5. Mapahalagahan ang wika
• Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas:

  • Pre colonial (pasalitang panitikan):
  • 1521: Pagdating ni Magellan dahil sa paghahanap ng spices
  • 1565: Miguel Lopez de Le gazpi, nagtagumpay
  • 1872: Unang subok ng pag-aalsa (Cavite mutiny)
  • Isinisi sa GOMBURZA (Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora)
  • Nag start magsulat (Jose Rizal)
  • Dyaryo / damdaming tema damdaming makabayan at paghihimagsik
• Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas:

  • 1896: Pinapatay si Rizal
  • Tema: pagtuligsa at paghahangad ng kalayaan
  • 1898-1941: Binenta tayo ng mga kastila sa mga Amerikano (Treaty of Paris)
  • Indio tawag satin ng kastila at baboy ramo naman tawag satin ng Amerikano
  • Nagstart ang wikang ingles
• Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas:

  • 1942-1945: Japanese period
  • Tema: kalupitan at kagutuman
  • Comfort Women
  • Hinayaan na gamiting ang sarilign wika sa pagsusulat
  • Gintong panahon ng panitikan Pilipino
  • 1946: Tema: masaklap na karanasan
• Evolusyon ng Panitikan sa Pilipinas:

  • Dekada ‘50: KADIPAN (Kapisanang Aklat, Diwa at Panitikan at Gawad Palanca Award)
  • Dekada ‘60: Aktibismo, protesta sa magulong pamamahala
  • Dekada ‘70: Batas militar/Rehimeng Marcos
  • Paglabag sa karapatan pang/tao
  • Bulok na gobyerno