Method of research

• Plan

  • Specify the sources

  & types of information relevant to the

  research problem
• Strategy

  • Which approach will

  be used for gathering and analyzing the data.
• The time and budgets

  • Most studies

  are done under these two constraints
• Systematic - All steps must be

  interrelated- one to another
• Logical

  • Agreeing with the principles

  of logic
• Empirical

  -Conclusions should be

  based on evidence/observations
• Objectivity - It must answer the research

  questions
• Replicable - reproducible
• Quality control- Accurate measurements
• TYPES OF RESEARCH

  Application- Pure and Applied Research

  • Applied- Finding solutions for immediate

  problems facing a society/industry

  • Pure- Concerned with generalization and

  AUTHORSHIP

  • Process of deciding who names belongs on

  a research paper in many cases research

  evolves from collaboration and assistance

  between experts and colle

  PLAGIARISM

  • Act of passing of somebody else ideas,

  thoughts, pictures, theories, words or stories

  as your own If a researcher plagiarizes the

  work of others
• HONESTY: Honestly report data, results,

  methods and procedures and publication

  status. Do not fabricate, falsify, or

  misinterpret data.
• OBJECTIVITY: Strike to avoid bias in

  experimental design, data analysis, data

  interpretation, peer review etc.
• INTEGRITY: Keep your promises and

  agreements, act with sincerity, strive for

  consistency of thought and action.
• CAREFULNESS: Avoid careless errors and

  negligence. Carefully and critically examine

  your own work.
• OPENNESS: Share data, results, ideas,

  tools, resources Be open to criticism and new

  ideas
• RESPECT FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY:

  i) Honor patents, copyright, and other

  forms of intellectual property.

  ii) Do not use unpublished data, methods iii)

  Never plagiarizes
• CONFIDENTIALITY: Protect confidential

  communication such as paper or grants

  submitted for publication, personnel records,

  trade or military secrets and patient records
• RESPECT FOR COLLEAGUES: Respect

  your colleagues and treat them fairly
• NON-DISCRIMINATION:

  Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students

  based on sex, race, or other factors that are

  not related to their scientific competence and

  integrity
• SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: Strive to

  promote social good and prevent social

  harms through research, public education

  and advocacy
• SOURCES OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

  1 LeratureReview

  2. Observations or Experiences 3. Theoretical Frameworks
• INTRODUCTION - give information as to what the

  study is all about.
• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM - a short, clear

  explanation of the issue to be researched.
• OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY - are specific,

  measurable goals that the study aims to achieve
• SIGNIFICANTS OF THE STUDY - refers to the

  potential importance, relevance, or impact of the

  research findings
• SCOPE AND LIMITATION - define the topic and

  boundaries of the research problem to be

  investigated
• DEFINITION OF TERMS - a passage that explains

  the meaning of a terminology.
• THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK - a collection of

  existing theories, models and frame
• CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK - visualizes on how

  the researcher views and organizes the various

  concepts and variables within their study