Biology- Topic 2

• The large intestine absorbs water from undigested food leaving faeces
• the purpose of cornoary arties is to provide blood to the heart and brain
• the three types of blood vessels are arteries, veins and capillaries
• an organ system is a group of organs working together to perform a specific function
• the blood from the left ventricle is pumped to the body tissue
• coronary heart disease is a condition where the coronary arteries become blocked with fatty material
• blood pumped by the right ventricle goes to the lungs and then to the rest of the body
• temperature affects enzyme activity because up to a certain point, increasing temperature increases enzyme action, as molecules have a higher kinetic energy. Above a certain temperature, the shape of the active site is altered and the enzyme becomes denatured, so it can no longer work.
• the role of the protease is to break down proteins into amino acids
• the shape of an enzyme affects its function because enxymes have a specific active site which needs to fit perfectly
• the liver produces bile and filters blood
• the role of carbohydrates is to break down carbohydrates into monosaccharides and disaccharides. amylase breaks down starch into maltose, and maltose breaks down into maltose into glucose
• enzymes speed up chemical reactions
• the stomach produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and the provide and to provide the optimum pH for the protease enzyme to work
• health is the state of physical and mental wellbeing
• carbohydrates are produced in the body. amylase- salivary gland and pancreas, maltase- small intestine
• bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder
• gas exchange occurs at the alveoli in the lungs and the capillaries in the tissues
• A molecule is a group of atoms that are chemically bonded together.
• a cell is the basic building block of a living organism
• alveoli are adapted for gas exchange by having a large surface area, thin walls and a large blood supply
• the role of lipases is to break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
• the purpose of red blood cells is to transport exygen around the body
• an organ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.
• the main function of the digestive system is to break down food into smaller molecules so that they can be absorbed into the blood
• the role of the pancreas and the salviary glands is the glands produce digestive enzymes
• plasma is a yellow liquid within blood that transports substances around the body
• capillaries are adapted to their function by the walls being one cell thick, permeable walls, and narrow lumen- blood moves slowly- more time for diffusion
• proteases are produced by the stomach and pancreas
• tissue is a group of cells with a similar structure and function, working together to carry out a particular function
• the small intestine absorbs soluble food molecules
• There are valves in the heart to keep blood flowing in only one direction
• the wall of the left ventricle is thicker because it has to pump blood at a higher pressure around the whole body
• a non- communicable disease is a disease that cannot be passed from person to person
• the purpose of white blood cells in blood is to fight infection and disease
• a communicable disease is a disease that can be passed from one person to another
• the purpose of the circulatory system is to transport oxygen and nutrients around the body
• lipases are produced in the pancreas and small intestine
• the role of bile is to emulsify fats and lipids into smaller droplets
• the order from smallest to biggest is organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system and organism