respiration

• What biological process is defined as an exothermic reaction occurring in mitochondria to release energy from glucose?

  Cellular respiration
• What do organisms require energy for?

  Chemical reactions, movement, keeping warm
• What primarily distinguishes aerobic respiration from anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic uses oxygen, anaerobic does not
• In words, what are the reactants and products of aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
• What are the products of anaerobic respiration in muscles, described in words?

  Glucose -> lactic acid
• What is the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

  $C_6H_{12}O_6 +$$6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 +$$6H_2O$
• Why does aerobic respiration yield more energy than anaerobic respiration?

  Glucose oxidation is complete in aerobic respiration
• What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells commonly called?

  Fermentation
• What are the products of anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?

  Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
• During exercise, how does the body increase oxygen supply to muscles?

  Increased heart rate, breathing rate, breath volume
• What substance accumulates in muscles during anaerobic respiration?

  Lactic acid
• What happens to muscles during prolonged activity, related to respiration?

  Muscles become fatigued and stop contracting
• What is the term for the amount of oxygen needed after exercise?

  Oxygen debt
• How is lactic acid removed from the body after anaerobic respiration?

  Blood transports it to the liver
• Where in the body is lactic acid transported for conversion back to glucose?

  The liver
• What is the definition of metabolism in a cell or body?

  Sum of all reactions
• What kind of reaction is cellular respiration, and how often does it occur?

  Exothermic, continuously
• Besides movement and warmth, what else do organisms need energy for?

  Building larger molecules via chemical reactions
• In aerobic respiration, what gas is consumed and what gases are produced?

  Oxygen consumed, carbon dioxide produced
• What is the critical aspect of the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

  Correct balancing of the equation
• If yeast is in an environment lacking oxygen, what process will it use?

  Fermentation
• During intense exercise, what causes muscles to stop contracting?

  Accumulation of lactic acid and fatigue
• Why is oxygen needed after exercise (oxygen debt)?

  To remove lactic acid from cells
• What happens to lactic acid after it is transported to the liver?

  It is converted back to glucose