19th century

• italian alessandro volta makes the first battery (known as a Voltaic pile) 


  batteries
• Joseph-Marie jacquard invents the automated cloth-weaving loom. The punched cards it uses to store patterns help to inspire programmable computers


  Programmable Computers
• Henry and Sealy Fourdrinier develop the papermaking machine


  paper
• Humphry Davy develops electrolysis into an important chemical technique and uses it to identify a number of new elements 


  Electrolyzers
• Joseph Niepce makes the first modern photograph


  Photography, Digital cameras
• William Sturgeon develops the first practical electric motor 


  electric motors
• Henry Fox Talbot develops a way of making and printing photographs using reverse images called negatives 


  Digital cameras, photography
• Charles Goodyear finally perfects a durable form of rubber (vulcanized rubber) after many years of unsuccessful experimenting 


  Rubber
• Scottish physicist James Prescott Joule outlines the theory of the conservation of energy 


  Energy, great physics experiment
• Scotsman Alexander Bain invents a primitive fax machine based on chemical technology 


  fax machines
• James Francis incents a water turbine now used in many of the world's hydropower plants


  turbines, water
• Henry bessemer pioneers a new method of making steel in large quantities 


  iron and steel
• Louis Pasteur develops pasteurization: a way of preserving food by heating it to kill of bacteria


  pasteurization
• Frenchman Etienne Lenoir and german Nikolaus Otto pioneer the internal combustion engine


  Car engines
• james clerk maxwell figures out that radio waves must exist and sets out basic laws of electromagnetism 


  radio
• what century fire extinguishers are invented

  19th century
• Elisha Graves Otis invents the elevator with built-in safety brake


  elevators
• Joseph Monier invents reinforced concrete


  Reinforced concrete
• Christopher Latham Sholes invents the modern typewriter and QWERTY keyboard


  typewriters
• alexander graham bell patents the telephone, though the true ownership of the invention remains controversial even today 


  telephones
• thomas edison develops the phonograph, the first practical method of recording and playing back sound on metal foil


  CD players, MP3 players
• thomas edison invents his sound-recording machine or phonograph - a forerunner of the record player and CD player


  record players, sound
• edward very invents the flare gun (very pistol) for sending distress flares at sea


  flares
• thomas edison patents the modern incandescent electric lamp 


  incandescent lamps
• Thomas Edison opens the world's first power plants 


  powerplants
• Charles Chamberland invents the autoclave (steam sterelizing machine)


  autoclaves
• Carrie Everson invents new ways of mining silver, gold, and copper 


  copper
• george eastman invents plastic photographic film


  Digital camera, Plastics
• Charles Parsons develops the steam turbine


  steam turbine
• karl benz builds a gasoline-engined car


  car engines
• Friedrich Reinitzer discovers liquid crystals 


  LCD screens and displays
• John Boyd Dunlop patents air filled (pneumatic) tires


  pneumatics
• nikola tesla patents the alternating current (AC) electric induction motor and in opposition to Thomas Edison, becomes a staunch advocate of AC power 


  electric motors, induction motors
• everett f. morse invents the optical pyrometer for measuring temperature at a safe distance 


  pyrometers
• french bothers joseph and louis lumiere invent movie projectors and open the first movie theater


  projection TV
• german engineer Rudolf Diesel develops his diesel engine - a more efficient internal combustion engine without a sparkplug 


  diesel engines
• physicist sir Oliver Lodge send the first ever message by radio wave in Oxford, England 


  radio
• german physicist Wilhelm Rontgen discovers X-rays 


  x-rays
• nikola tesla invents remote, radio control


  remote control