Types of Chemical Reactions, Classifying Types of Chemical Reactions

• a Greek philosopher; first one to propose that atoms exist

  Democritus (460 - 370 BC)

  
• >first modern conception of an atom

  >proposed that atoms compose elements and that they can bond

  John Dalton (1766 - 1844)

  
• >identified the first subatomic particle (electron)

  >proposed the plum pudding model


  JJ Thomson (1856 - 1940)

  
• discovered the nucleus of the atom with Geiger & Marsden (1911)


  Ernest Rutherford (1871 - 1937)

  
• discovered the neutron (1932)

  James Chadwick (1891 - 1974)

  
• negatively charged electrons are spread out in a diffuse, positive ball

  Plum Pudding (or 'Raisin Bun') Model

  
• a positive center surrounded by negative electron cloud

  Nuclear Model

  
• electrons orbit the nucleus at specific (quantized) energy levels

  Bohr Model

  
• electrons can only exist at certain distances from the nucleus (are not allowed at certain distances as well)

  Bohr Model
• the experiment by the grad students of Rutherford that showed evidence of an atomic nucleus

  gold foil experiment
• the attractive force that holds the nucleus together

  strong force
• the particle in the nucleus responsible for keeping protons from repelling

  neutron
• studied the properties of inheritance using pea plants

  Mendel (1822 - 1884)
• sorted elements by various properties to create the first Periodic Table

  Mendeleev (1834 - 1907)
• KBr

  potassium bromide
• MgCl₂


  magnesium chloride
• H₂SO₄

  hydrogen sulfate (sulfuric acid)
• NaI

  sodium iodide
• SrS


  strontium sulfide
• Fe₂O₃

  iron (III) oxide
• CuO

  copper (II) oxide
• CaCl₂


  calcium chloride
• WO

  tungsten (II) oxide
• Ti₃N₂

  titanium (II) nitride
• PtO₂


  platinum (IV) oxide
• Ca(OH)₂

  calcium hydroxide
• K₃PO₄

  potassium phosphate
• Mg₃(PO₄)₂

  magnesium phosphate
• CuOH


  copper (I) hydroxide
• CrO

  chromium (II) oxide
• Li₃N


  lithium nitride
• ZnCl

  zinc (I) chloride
• Hg₂O₃

  mercury (III) oxide
• Hg₂O

  mercury (I) oxide
• PtO

  platinum (II) oxide
• Ti₃N₄

  titanium (IV) nitride
• TiN

  titanium (III) nitride
• WO₃

  tungsten (VI) oxide
• Stoichiometric calculations involve determining the amount of reactants needed to produce a desired amount of product.
• The law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one form to another.