Ovulation is the rupture of a mature follicle in either ovary and expulsion of its ovum
Spontaneous abortion is the natural expulsion from the uterus of an embryo that cannot survive outside the womb, also called miscarriage
Canalization is the limitation on variance of expression of certain inherited characteristics
Niche-picking refers to Jacob, an adolescent with a talent for music, who has a tendency to seek out musical friends, take music classes, and go to concerts
Schizophrenia is characterized by loss of contact with reality, hallucinations and delusions, loss of coherent, logical thought, and inappropriate emotionality
Genotype is the genetic makeup of a person, containing both expressed and unexpressed characteristics
Concordant is the term describing the tendency of twins to share the same trait or disorder
In the 3rdmonth of prenatal development, sex is determined
Heterozygous is when a child receives two different alleles, resulting in partial expression of a trait
The cephalocaudal principle states that the upper parts of the body develop before the lower parts of the trunk
When Jacob, an adopted child since birth, takes an IQ test, his results would most probably be similar to his adoptiveparents
Meiosis is a process in the cell cycle that reduces the number of chromosomes into half
Teratogen is an environmental agent, such as a virus, a drug, or radiation, that can interfere with normal prenatal development and cause developmental abnormalities
Behavioral genetics is the quantitative study of relative hereditary and environmental influences on behavior
Dizygotic twins are the result of two separate eggs being fertilized by two different sperms to form two unique individuals
Dominant is the allele that is always expressed or shows up as a trait in that person
Temperament is the characteristic disposition or style of approaching and reacting to situations
Genetic Counseling is a clinical service that advises prospective parents of their probable risk of having children with hereditary defects
Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or physical traits of a person
The proximodistal principle states that the parts of the body near the center develop before the extremities
Gestation is the period of development between conception and birth
Amniocentesis is a prenatal assessment technique wherein a sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn under guidance of ultrasound and analyzed
Stress refers to physical or psychological demands on a person or organism
Epigenesis are mechanisms that turn genes on and off and determine functions of body cells
Multifactorial transmission is the combination of genetic and environmental factors to produce a certain complex trait
Polygenic Inheritance is a pattern of inheritance in which multiple genes at different sites on chromosomes affect a complex trait
Karyotype is a chart where chromosomes from body tissues are analyzed and photographed, then enlarged and arranged according to size and structure
Reaction Range is the potential variability, depending on environmental conditions, in the expression of a hereditary trait
Genotype-environment interaction is the portion of phenotypic variation that results from the reactions of genetically different individuals to similar environmental conditions
Non-shared environmental effects refer to the unique environment in which each child grows up, consisting of distinctive influences that affect one child differently than others
Obesity is extreme overweight in relation to age, sex, height, and body type as defined by having a body mass index at or above the 95th percentile
Ultrasound is a prenatal medical procedure using high-frequency sound waves to detect the outline of the fetus and its movements
Thalidomide, a tranquilizer, was banned after causing stunted or missing limbs, severe facial deformities, and defective organs in some 12,000 babies
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a combination of mental, motor, and developmental abnormalities affecting the offspring of some women who drink heavily during pregnancy
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a viral disease that undermines the effective functioning of the immune system
Three ways how Genotype-Environment Correlation works: