Polyomaviridae, Parvoviridae, Herpesviridae

• What is the size range of Herpesviridae?

  120-250 nm
• What type of genome do Herpesviridae have?

  Linear, large dsDNA genome
• How many genes are approximately in the Herpesviridae genome?

  About 100 genes
• What type of viral envelope do Herpesviridae possess?

  Enveloped
• What is the symmetry of the Herpesviridae capsid?

  Icosahedral capsid symmetry
• How many capsomers are in the Herpesviridae capsid?

  162 capsomers
• What is a notable characteristic of Herpesviridae regarding infection?

  Known for life-long persistence
• What accumulates in the host genome during symptom-free infections of Herpesviridae?

  Latency associated transcript (LAT)
• What types of infections can Herpesviridae cause?

  Symptomatic and symptom-free infections
• What is the prevalence of HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 in adults worldwide?

  60–95%
• What are the names of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2?

  HHV-1 (HSV-1), HHV-2 (HSV-2)
• What is the primary target cell for HSV-1 and HSV-2?

  Mucoepithelial cells
• What conditions are associated with HSV-1 and HSV-2?

  • Oral and/or genital herpes
  • HSV-1: cold sores (herpes labialis)
  • HSV-2: genital herpes (herpes genitalis)
  • Watery blisters in skin or mucous membranes
  • Gingivostomatitis, keratitis, encephalitis
• Where does latency occur for HSV-1 and HSV-2?

  Neuron (trigeminal ganglia for HSV-1)
• How is HSV-2 primarily spread?

  Close contact, contact route
• What are some triggers for reactivation of HSV?

  Colds, stress, sunlight exposure
• What are the laboratory diagnosis methods for HSV?

  • Samples: vesicle secretion, throat swabs, saliva, blood
  • Methods: Complement fixation test, ELISA, Immunofluorescence for IgM
  • Immunodot glycoprotein G-specific (IgG) HSV test
  • Laboratory animals, embryonated egg inoculation, cell cultures
• What is the role of antivirals in treating HSV?

  Inhibit/inactivate viral DNA polymerase
• What are some antivirals used for HSV treatment?

  Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir
• How do antivirals affect asymptomatic shedding in HSV-2?

  Reduce shedding from 20% to 10%
• What is the name of the virus associated with chickenpox?

  Varicella zoster virus (HHV-3)
• What is the primary infection caused by VZV?

  Chickenpox
• What does reactivation of VZV lead to?

  Shingles (herpes zoster)
• How contagious is VZV?

  Highly contagious
• What are the primary target cells for VZV?

  Mucoepithelial cells
• What are the symptoms of chickenpox?

  • Prodromal: nausea, loss of appetite, headache
  • Vesicular skin rash
• What are the laboratory diagnosis methods for VZV?

  • Samples: vesicle secretion and blood samples
  • Methods: Immunofluorescence, PCR
  • Limited use of cell cultures
• What vaccine is available for chickenpox?

  Live attenuated vaccine (Varivax)
• What is Zostavax?

  More concentrated Varivax for older adults
• What are some antivirals used for VZV treatment?

  Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir
• What is the primary target cell for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)?

  B cells and epithelial cells
• What is the site of latency for EBV?

  B cell
• How is EBV primarily spread?

  Close contact, transfusions, tissue transplant
• What conditions are associated with EBV?

  • Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)
  • Lymphomas (Hodgkin's, Burkitt's)
  • Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  • Hairy leukoplakia (HIV associated)
  • Autoimmune diseases
• What is the primary target cell for Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

  Monocyte, lymphocyte, and epithelial cells
• What is the site of latency for CMV?

  Monocyte, lymphocyte, and B cells
• How is CMV primarily spread?

  Saliva, urine, breast milk
• What conditions are associated with CMV?

  • Infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome
  • CMV hepatitis
  • Cytomegalovirus retinitis
  • Cytomegalovirus colitis
  • CMV pneumonitis
• What is the characteristic feature of CMV diagnosis?

  Microscopic detection of intranuclear inclusion
• What are the characteristics of Polyomaviridae?

  Naked, icosahedral capsid symmetry